SuperNEMO tracker completion

超NEMO实验旨在了解物质和反物质之间令人费解的关系。为此，我们将研究最令人费解的粒子之一：中微子。我们知道有中微子和反中微子--我们观察到它们的行为不同--但我们不知道它们之间真正的潜在差异是什么。对于大多数粒子，电荷将是关键--例如，带负电荷的电子和带正电荷的反电子(正电子)。然而，中微子不带电荷，所以当我们比较中微子和反中微子时，我们看到的是两个完全相同的粒子，当它们与物质相互作用时，它们会产生不同的反应。那么问题是，中微子和反中微子是不是真的不同的粒子，或者它们实际上是不同类型的粒子，在不同的情况下，它们的行为可以像粒子或反粒子-如果这是真的，它将彻底改变我们对物质和反物质之间关系的理解。超NEMO可以通过研究一个名为双β衰变的过程来研究这个问题，在这个过程中，原子核经历了一次放射性衰变，在这个过程中，两个中子变成了两个质子，释放出两个反中微子和两个电子。这两个反中微子是这里的关键：如果中微子和反中微子是不同的粒子，这些反中微子将简单地离开我们的探测器。然而，如果中微子和反中微子实际上是同一粒子，这两个反中微子偶尔可以选择在离开硒原子核之前相互湮灭，这将给电子带来额外的能量爆发。因此，有了超NEMO，我们正在寻找这些具有额外能量的电子，这可能会向我们揭示一些关于我们对宇宙的理解的新东西。

The SuperNEMO experiment aims to understand the puzzling relationship between matter and antimatter. To do this, we will study one of the most puzzling particles: the neutrino. We know that there are neutrinos and antineutrinos - we have observed them behaving differently - but we don't know what the real underlying difference is between them. With most particles the electric charge would be the key - for example electrons having negative charge and anti-electrons (positrons) having positive charge. However the neutrino has no electric charge, so when we compare neutrinos with antineutrinos what we see are two otherwise-identical particles that cause different reactions when they interact with matter. The puzzle then is whether neutrinos and antineutrinos are truly different particles, or whether they are actually the same type of particle, which in different situations can behave like either a particle or an antiparticle - and if this was true it would revolutionise our understanding of the relationship between matter and antimatter. SuperNEMO can investigate this question by studying a process called double-beta decay, where a nucleus undergoes a radioactive decay in which two neutrons turn into two protons, releasing two antineutrinos and two electrons. The two antineutrinos are the key here: if neutrinos and antineutrinos are different particles, these antineutrinos will simply leave our detector. However, if neutrinos and antineutrinos are in fact the same particle, these two antineutrinos can occasionally choose to annihilate with each other before leaving the selenium nucleus, and this will give an extra burst of energy to the electrons. With SuperNEMO we are therefore searching for these electrons with an extra kick of energy that may reveal to us something new about our understanding of the universe.