EIC Detector R&D

该项目旨在开发未来电子离子对撞机设施（EIC）所需的一些关键探测器技术，该设施将在未来十年内在美国建造。建成后，EIC将成为世界上第一个极化电子与原子核或极化质子/光离子对撞机。它有望彻底改变我们对强相互作用的理解，强相互作用是自然的基本力量之一，它控制着强子的行为，占宇宙可见质量的99%以上。它将使科学家能够精确地描绘出在强子内部发现的夸克和胶子的图像，不仅可以研究它们的分布，还可以研究它们的运动和相互作用。实验将能够解决一些关于物质本质的最基本的科学问题：质子是如何获得自旋的，强子是如何从几乎没有质量的夸克中获得质量的，胶子是如何阻止夸克作为自由粒子被观察到的，以及确定是否存在由密集的胶子组成的紧急形式的物质。EIC将使这成为可能，因为它在能量范围、光度、双极化光束以及探测重核内夸克和胶子的能力方面超过了所有以前的电子散射机。实验的挑战是同时高精度地测量散射电子，反冲核子及其极化，以及在每次相互作用中发射的任何其他粒子。该项目将开发使用下一代单片有源像素传感器跟踪最接近相互作用点的粒子所需的技术。它还将开发所需的技术，以测量电子和反冲核子在相互作用点的上游和下游的最小散射角。通过使用一种被称为化学超极化的新技术测量散射核子的极化，将提供额外的信息。

This project aims to develop some of the key detector technologies needed to deliver the science at a future Electron-Ion Collider facility (EIC), which is to be constructed in the United States over the next decade. When built, the EIC will be the world's first collider of polarised electrons with nuclei or polarised protons/light ions. It promises to revolutionise our understanding of the strong interaction, one of the fundamental forces of nature, which governs the behaviour of hadrons and accounts for more than 99% of the visible mass of the universe. It will allow scientists to image, in exquisite detail, the quarks and gluons that are found inside hadrons, studying not only how they are distributed but also how they move and interact with one another. Experiments will be able to address some of the most fundamental questions in science on the nature of matter: how the proton gets its spin, how hadrons acquire their mass from quarks that are almost massless, how gluons prevent quarks from being observed as free particles, and establish whether there are emergent forms of matter made of densely-packed gluons.The EIC will make this possible by exceeding the capabilities of all previous electron-scattering machines in terms of its range of energy, luminosity, dual-polarised beams, and the ability to probe the quarks and gluons within heavy nuclei. The experimental challenge is to simultaneously measure with high precision the scattered electron, the recoil nucleon and its polarisation, and any other particles emitted in each interaction. This project will develop the technology needed to track particles closest to the interaction point using next-generation monolithic active pixel sensors. It will also develop the technology needed to measure electrons and recoil nucleons at the smallest scattering angles far upstream and downstream of the interaction point. Additional information will be provided by measuring the polarisation of the scattered nucleons using a novel technology known as Chemical Hyperpolarisation.