NEUROBEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF PARTIAL SLEEP DEPRIVATION

该项目旨在确定清醒时的神经行为功能（睡眠倾向、认知表现、嗜睡和情绪）如何受到部分睡眠剥夺（PSD）和睡眠时间的影响。由于医疗、精神和睡眠障碍以及社会需求（工作、家庭、旅行），数以百万计的人每天都经历着严重的公共卫生问题。此外，由于工作和其他限制，人们不仅睡眠减少，而且在一天24小时的不同时间，或在不同的昼夜节律阶段。尽管PSD非常普遍，但关于睡眠持续时间、不同昼夜节律阶段以及PSD会导致嗜睡增加、非自愿睡眠发作、表现不佳的天数的科学研究却很少——这些信息对于确定可能导致事故（如机动车）的PSD水平至关重要。在一项初步研究中，我们制定了一项研究PSD的方案，并证明了一套神经行为测量对1周睡眠限制的敏感性。此外，我们还研究了将正常夜间睡眠时间限制在4、6或8小时的影响。这项研究表明，当睡眠时间减少到6或4小时时，神经行为测量显着减少。利用这种方法，一项使用独立小组的随机对照试验开始了，以测试人们在24小时内不同时间最常见的睡眠限制类型对清醒功能的影响。本研究的目的是确定连续10个晚上将睡眠时间限制在每晚4小时、6小时和8小时（对照），当睡眠缺失处于不同的昼夜节律阶段时，神经行为功能的累积清醒变化的性质。在家中进行7-14天的监测以确保他们有稳定的睡眠/觉醒周期后，受试者将连续15晚（16天）住在CRC的住院研究单元，在此期间监测他们的睡眠和清醒神经行为功能。在连续2天8小时/晚的基线睡眠后，受试者将被随机分配到9种睡眠限制条件（4、6、8小时/24小时，分别在030h、1130h或1930h醒来）中的一种，持续10天，然后进行2天的恢复睡眠（10小时/晚）。在10天的睡眠限制期间，比较了9组在不同昼夜节律阶段的睡眠多导睡眠图和清醒神经行为功能的变化。

This project seeks to determine how waking neurobehavioral functions (sleep propensity, cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood) are affected by partial sleep deprivation (PSD), and the time at which the sleep period occurs. PSD has been identified as a serious public health problem being experienced daily by millions of people as a result of medical, psychiatric, and sleep disorders, as well as social demands (work, family, travel). In addition, due to work and other constraints, people are not only sleeping less, but also at various times across the twenty-four hour day, or at different circadian phases. Although highly prevalent, little scientific work has been done on the duration of sleep, at different circadian phases, and number of days of PSD that will lead to increased sleepiness, involuntary sleep episodes, performance failures--information that is essential to determining the level of PSD that could result in accidents (e.g., motor vehicle). In a preliminary study, we developed a protocol for studying PSD and demonstrated the sensitivity of a set of neurobehavioral measures to sleep restriction over 1 week. Further, we examined the effects of restricting the normal nocturnal sleep period to 4, 6, or 8 hours in duration. This study demonstrated significant reductions in neurobehavioral measures when sleep duration was decreased to either 6 or 4 hours. Utilizing this approach, a randomized control trial using independent groups was initiated to test the effects on waking function of the types of sleep restriction most commonly experienced by people, at various times across the twenty-four hour day. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of the cumulative waking changes in neurobehavioral functions engendered by restricting sleep to 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h (control) per night for 10 consecutive nights, when the sleep loss is placed at different circadian phases. Following a 7-14 day period at home, during which time the subjects are monitored to ensure they have a stable sleep/wake cycle, subjects will live in the Inpatient Study Unit of the CRC for 15 consecutive nights (16 days), during which time their sleep and waking neurobehavioral functions are monitored. Following 2 baseline days of 8h sleep/night, subjects will be randomly assigned to one of the nine sleep restriction conditions (4,6, 8 h/24 hours, with waking occurring at 0330h, 1130h or 1930h) for the next 10 days, followed by 2 days of recovery sleep (10 h/night). Changes in sleep polysomnography and waking neurobehavioral functions at different circadian phases across the 10 day period of sleep restriction are compared among the nine groups.