Particles, Fields and Strings at Liverpool

随着Higgs玻色子在大型强子对撞机上的发现，粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）在电弱尺度下被建立，并成功地描述了大量的实验数据。同样，标准宇宙学模型也是以观测数据为基础的。然而，在我们对宇宙的理解中仍然存在着深刻而深刻的奥秘。暗物质（DM）的存在需要新的物理学超越SM（BSM），关于暗能量和引力与其他力的统一的关键问题仍然没有解决。与此同时，量子场论（QFT）背后的数学结构还远未得到充分探索;关于SM中物质的动力学，特别是在极端条件下，还有一些重要的悬而未决的问题。通过在三个互补的科学领域提出的研究，利物浦财团的投标正在解决这些基本问题。弦现象学和宇宙学从实验数据来看，当代范式的许多缺点只能通过引力和规范相互作用的一致融合来解决。弦理论为探索规范和引力相互作用的统一提供了领先的数学框架，弦现象学是弦理论的一个领域，它将弦理论和观测数据联系起来。“弦现象学和宇宙学”中提出的研究旨在弥合前沿理论进展与观测现实之间的差距。拟议的研究将探索弦理论的基本对称性，旨在解开量子引力尺度附近的宇宙学演化，并提取弦真空的预测用于当代实验研究，包括对撞机，引力波实验和量子传感器搜索超轻粒子。粒子物理学的精确QFT“将利用他们在高阶微扰费曼图计算和精确唯象学方面的专业知识，（i）通过构建标度不变量子引力的a函数来提高我们对QFT的理解，（ii）执行尖端的4-循环和5-循环计算，（iii）匹配微扰和晶格重整化方案，（iv）将SM对（g-2）和夸克味物理的预测提高到前所未有的精度，（v）使用有效的场论描述来搜索BSM物理，以及（vi）探索BSM方案，解决SM的缺点和异常，并可能提供DM候选人。拟议的研究将为这些努力提供重要的理论成果和工具。它将有助于开发和规划能源和精确前沿的当前和未来实验，包括DM搜索。格点量子场论“将继续利用最先进的高性能计算机来解决有关强相互作用粒子的问题，例如：更精确地计算称为强子的夸克的内部结构和束缚态的衰变;等离子体的性质就像在宇宙诞生之初发现的极端温度和密度下形成的介质，现在在高能碰撞中重新产生这些研究包括：在欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）研究原子核之间的相互作用;将希格斯玻色子解释为更多基本粒子的复合物的新理论;将费米子与玻色子联系起来的超对称模型，这些模型为我们理解量子引力提供了信息;奇异新材料电子特性的二维模型;以及开发新的量子算法，以解决迄今为止无法解决的与致密、不断演化的物质有关的问题。

With the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider, the Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics is established at the electroweak scale and successfully describes a plethora of experimental data. Similarly, the Standard Cosmological Model is grounded in observational data. Yet, deep and profound mysteries remain in our understanding of the Universe. The existence of Dark Matter (DM) necessitates new physics Beyond the SM (BSM), and crucial issues concerning dark energy and the unification of gravity with the other forces remain unaddressed. Meanwhile, the mathematical structures that underlie Quantum Field Theory (QFT) are far from fully explored; and there are important open questions about the dynamics of matter within the SM, especially in extreme conditions. With the research proposed in three complementary Science Areas, the Liverpool Consortium bid is addressing these fundamental problems.`String Phenomenology and Cosmology'In view of the experimental data, resolution of the many shortcomings of the contemporary paradigms can only be obtained by the consistent fusion of gravity and the gauge interactions. String theory provides the leading mathematical framework to explore the unification of the gauge and gravitational interactions, and string phenomenology is the area of string theory that links string theory and observational data. The research proposed in `String Phenomenology and Cosmology' aims at bridging the gap between theoretical advances at the forefront and observational reality. The proposed research will explore the basic symmetries that underlie string theory, aiming to unravel the cosmological evolution near the quantum gravity scale, as well as extract the predictions of string vacua for contemporary experimental searches, including collider, gravitational wave experiments and quantum sensor searches for ultra-light particles.`Precision QFT for Particle Physics'will use their expertise in higher-order perturbative Feynman diagram calculations and precision phenomenology to (i) improve our understanding of QFT by constructing the a-function for scale-invariant quantum gravity, (ii) perform cutting edge 4-loop and 5-loop computations, (iii) match perturbative and lattice renormalisation schemes, (iv) improve the SM predictions for (g-2) and quark flavour physics to unprecedented precision, (v) use effective field theory descriptions to search for BSM physics, and (vi) explore BSM scenarios which address the shortcomings and anomalies of the SM and possibly provide a DM candidate. The proposed research will provide crucial theoretical results and tools for these endeavours. It will contribute to the exploitation and planning of current and future experiments at the energy and precision frontier, including DM searches.`Lattice Quantum Field Theory'will continue to exploit state-of-the-art high performance computers to attack questions about strongly-interacting particles, examples being: ever-more precise calculations of the internal structure and decays of bound states of quarks known as hadrons; the properties of the plasma-like medium formed under the extreme temperatures and densities found at the very beginning of the Universe and now recreated in energetic collisions between atomic nuclei at CERN; new theories that explain the Higgs boson as a composite of still-more elementary particles; models incorporating a supersymmetry relating fermions to bosons which inform our understanding of quantum gravity; models in two dimensions underlying the electronic properties of exotic new materials; and the development of new quantum algorithms to tackle hitherto inaccessible questions relating to dense, evolving matter.