ULTRASONIC BLOOD VISCOMETER

描述（来自申请人摘要的逐字）：血液粘度改变， 疾病如镰状细胞性贫血、高血压和动脉粥样硬化， 但其测量需要复杂且昂贵的 仪器，因此很少使用。我们建议开发一种超声波 使用少量血液样本简化这种测量的技术。一个 超声波束在液体中产生流动，脉冲多普勒速度计 可以用来感应和测量流动速度， 这由流体的声学和物理性质决定。在 此外，声功率阶跃变化的时间常数也是 粘度和密度的函数。我们建议在第一阶段制定一项20 MHz脉冲多普勒和信号处理，以显示：1）流可以 用1 mm传感器在50 μ l犬或鼠血液中测量; 2） 流动速度和时间常数是粘度的函数;以及3） 流式传输是可再现的和稳定的。在第二阶段，我们将模拟 流过程采用有限差分法，并根据计算结果 将设计一种仪器和设备，用于测量粘度， 新鲜抽取的少量全血样本。这项技术也可以成为 全血凝固检测器和计时器的基础， 被纳入实验室分析仪。在研究中，它将用于研究 转基因小鼠的血液流变学 拟定商业应用： 血液检测是医院实验室的一项主要活动， 这里开发的可以被纳入凝血时间的测量， 粘度 床边血液粘度测定在诊断和治疗中的应用 治疗操作的监测基本上是一个新市场， 影响可能非常大。

DESCRIPTION (Verbatim from Applicant's Abstract): Blood viscosity is altered in diseases such as sickle cell anemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis and also during coagulation, but its measurement requires complex and expensive instrumentation and is thus rarely done. We propose to develop an ultrasonic technique to simplify this measurement using small samples of blood. An ultrasound beam produces streaming in fluids, and a pulsed Doppler velocimeter can be used to both induce and measure the streaming velocity which is determined by both the acoustic and physical properties of the fluid. In addition, the time constant to a step change in acoustic power is also a function of viscosity and density. We propose during Phase I to develop a 20 MHz pulsed Doppler and signal processing to show: 1) that streaming can be measured in 50 mu1 of canine or murine blood with a 1 mm transducer; 2) that the streaming velocity and time constant are functions of viscosity; and 3) that streaming is reproducible and stable. During Phase II we will model the streaming process using finite difference methods, and based on the results will design an instrument and apparatus optimized for measuring viscosity in small samples of freshly drawn whole blood. This technique could also become the basis of a whole-blood coagulation detector and timer and could be incorporated into a laboratory analyzer. In research it will be used to study hemorheology in genetically altered mice. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: The testing of blood is a major activity in hospital laboratories, and the concepts to be developed here could be incorporated into the measurement of coagulation timing and viscosity. The measurement of blood viscosity at the bedside for diagnosis and for monitoring of therapeutic manipulations is essentially a new market where the implications could be very great.