Understanding sub-surface and surface-atmosphere interaction processes on Mars from the last forty years of time-registered multi-angle orbital observ

在EU-FP 7 iMars项目中，已经开发了一些方法，用于自动筛选高质量、高分辨率（<<100米）图像，随后将成百上千的美国航天局图像与基于欧空局高分辨率遥感中心过去十年和更长时间获得的立体摄影测量测绘图像的全球基础图像地图集进行配准和地形校正。在这个过程中，详细的三维模型（数字地形模型，DTM）已经创建了大约一半的火星表面。使用类似的自动配准方法，来自NASA MRO CRISM等仪器的高光谱图像可以与正射校正的CTX和HiRISE图像进行配准。最后，自动数据挖掘技术已经开发出来，以“标记”在过去40年中发生变化的特征，这提供了一种可能性，即对于火星的广泛区域，我们不仅可以研究这些特征的三维结构，而且还可以解释它们的组成。这项研究将利用这一独特的资源，更深入地了解火星表面和次表面，特别是剩余南极帽的特征，如所谓的“瑞士奶酪地形”、二氧化碳间歇泉和撞击坑，利用MARCI仪器的全球图像解释天气尺度的大气活动，以及这些活动如何与表面特征的变化有关。计划开展实验室活动，以支持光谱研究的解释。最后，在高光谱CISM图像中搜索PAH签名将用于对可能存在的PAH量设置下限。

Within the EU-FP7 iMars project, methods have been developed to automate the screening of high quality, high resolution (<<100m) images and subsequently co-register and terrain correct hundreds and thousands of these NASA images to a global base image map set based on ESA's HRSC stereo photogrammetric mapping images acquired over the last decade and longer. In the process, detailed three-dimensional models (Digital Terrain Models, DTMs) have been created of around half of the Martian surface. Using a similar automated co-registration approach, hyper-spectral images from instruments such as the NASA MRO CRISM can be co-registered to orthorectified CTX and HiRISE imagery. Finally, automated data mining techniques have been developed to "mark" features, which have changed over the last 40 yearsThis presents the possibility that for extensive areas of Mars, not only can we study the three-dimensional structure of these features but also interpret their composition. This study will exploit this unique resource to gain a deeper understanding of the Martian surface and subsurface looking particularly at features on the residual south polar cap (RSPC), such as so-called "Swiss cheese terrain", CO2 geysers and impact craters employing global images from the MARCI instrument to interpret synoptic-scale atmospheric activities and how these may be related to changes in the surface features. Laboratory activities are planned to support interpretation of the spectroscopic studies. Finally, the search for PAH signatures in hyperspectral CISM images will be employed to place a lower limit on the amount of PAH which might be present.