Social Regulation Model of Ingroup Favoritism

重要社会群体的解体或被排斥会使社会群体中的个人面临更大的焦虑、不安、抑郁风险，在极端情况下，还会导致自杀。目前的建议确定并探索了一个社会过程，该过程被假设为促进和维持群体内关系，从而最大限度地减少人们遭受排斥或群体内解散的不良后果的可能性。特别是，计划研究开发和检验了内群体偏爱的社会调节模型（SRM）。SRM基于这样的假设：社会群体对人类的生存至关重要，它产生于多种因素，涉及群体内部关系，有时会产生利益冲突，威胁到群体的稳定和个人在群体中的身份。该模型认为，积极的内群体信念和行为可以在没有外群体和功能的情况下发生，部分是为了调节和维持和谐的内群体关系。群体偏好被视为群体生活的适应性特征，因为它促进了群体成员之间的信任、互惠和合作互动的期望。当人们对他们共同的群体成员身份有更高的认识时，这种群体内偏袒的社会调节成分就会出现。由于SRM认识到群体形成是一个多重决定的现象，共享群体成员的意识可以由多种因素触发，包括但不限于与上下文相关的外群体的存在和内群体成员之间的相互依存。换句话说，SRM断言，内群体偏好具有调节内群体成员之间社会关系的内群体成分，并不局限于外群体突出的情况。拟议的实验验证了SRM的断言，即对内部群体的积极行为是维持和谐的内部群体关系的社会调节的一部分。特别是，实验测试了在没有外群体的情况下，是否增加了对共同群体成员的意识，增加了(a)内群体成员之间的信任，(2)对内群体成员福利的关注，以及(c)通过促进宽恕来缓解群体内部冲突。

Dissolution of or exclusion from important social groups places in social groups places individuals at increased risk of anxiety, dysphoria, depression, and in extreme cases, suicide. The current proposal identified and explores a social process that is hypothesized to foster and sustain intragroup relations, and, consequently minimizes the likelihood that persons suffer the ill consequences of exclusion or ingroup- dissolution. In particular, the planned research develops and tests the Social Regulation Model (SRM) of ingroup favoritism. The SRM is grounded in the assumptions that social groups are vital to human survival, arise from multiple factors, and involve intragroup relations that, at times, give rise to conflicts of interest that threaten the stability of the group and an individual's membership in the group. This model asserts that positive ingroup beliefs and behaviors can occur in the absence of an outgroup and function, in part, to regulate and maintain harmonious intragroup relations. In group favoritism is viewed as an adaptive characteristic of group life in that it promotes trust, reciprocity, and expectations of cooperative interactions among ingroup members. This social regulation component of ingroup favoritism is hypothesized to arise when persons experience a heightened awareness of their shared group membership. Because the SRM recognizes that group formation is a multiply determined phenomenon, awareness of shared group membership can be triggered by multiple factors including, but not limited to, the presence of a contextually relevant outgroup and interdependence among ingroup members. In other words, the SRM asserts that ingroup favoritism has an intragroup component that regulates social relations among ingroup members and is not limited to a situation in which an outgroup is salient. The proposed experiments tests the SRM's assertion that positive behaviors towards the ingroup are part of a social-regulation that maintains harmonious intragroup relations. In particular the experiments test if increasing awareness of shared group membership, in the absence of an outgroup, increases (a) trust among ingroup members, (2) concern for the welfare of ingroup members, and (c) de-escalates intragroup conflict by promoting forgiveness. .