Social Rejection and Mass Violence

描述（由申请人提供）：计划中的研究检查了一个假设影响伤害多人的攻击性的过程（即，大规模暴力）。自然主义的研究和对照实验确定社会排斥作为侵略的前因。然而，拒绝并不能完全解释伤害多人的侵犯行为-特别是当多名受害者没有直接拒绝犯罪者时。有人建议，拒绝功能协同作用与感知群体影响大规模暴力。被显著群体成员拒绝的个体可能会将拒绝与群体联系起来，随后对所有群体成员进行报复。两个实验和一份问卷调查提供了协同效应的初步证据。实验操纵拒绝和感知的群体，并表明这些因素相互作用，使参与者表现出最具侵略性的对一个集合的人时，一个成员的群体。 aggregate拒绝了参与者，并且aggregate似乎是一个类似实体的组。问卷调查研究重复了这些结果，表明高中生幻想伤害社会群体的频率随着他们与群体的拒绝体验以及他们认为群体是实体的程度的交互函数而变化。两项拟议的研究扩大了初步的证据，并探讨了协同效应的主持人和调解人。研究1考察了与感知的群体性相关的个体差异是否会影响被拒绝者对社会群体所有成员的攻击倾向。研究2测试，如果认知/情感协会之间形成的拒绝的经验和显着的群体介导的协同效应的拒绝和群体暴力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The planned research examines a process hypothesized to affect aggression that harms multiple persons (i.e., mass violence). Naturalistic studies and controlled experiments identify social rejection as an antecedent of aggression. Rejection, however, cannot account exclusively for aggression that harms multiple persons - particularly when the multiple victims did not directly reject the perpetrator. It is proposed that rejection functions synergistically with perceived groupness to affect mass violence. Individuals rejected by a member of a salient group might associate rejection with the group and, subsequently, retaliate against all group members. Two experiments and a questionnaire provide preliminary evidence for the synergistic effect. The experiments manipulated rejection and perceived groupness and demonstrated that those factors interacted such that participants behaved most aggressively against an aggregate of persons when a member of the aggregate rejected the participant and the aggregate appeared to be an entity-like group. The questionnaire study replicated those results by demonstrating that the frequency with which high school students fantasize about harming social groups varies as an interactive function of their rejection experience with the groups and the extent to which they perceive the groups to be entity-like. Two proposed studies expand the preliminary evidence and explore moderators and mediators of the synergistic effect. Study 1 examines if individual differences associated with perceived groupness influence the tendency for rejected persons to generalize aggression against all members of a social aggregate. Study 2 tests if cognitive/affective associations formed between the rejection experience and the salient group mediate the synergistic effect of rejection and groupness on mass violence.