Does the practice of Restorative Justice currently facilitate effective communication between victims and children in Youth Justice in England & Wales

本研究旨在评估恢复性告诫（RC）目前是否有助于支持英格兰和威尔士青年司法系统（YJS）中年轻人的需求（下称“本司法管辖区”），因为《青少年安全保障条例》于2013年4月为18奥尔兹以下的青少年引入新的法定青少年警告及有条件青少年警告制度（“儿童”）.研究目的声明我选择在YJS中分析RC，因为我已经从实证研究和司法委员会报告中发现了上述三个需要迫切改革的问题，通过定性实证分析将这些问题与YOT地区的现行做法联系起来，因为这是当前研究的一个空白。分析RC目前是否协助支持本辖区青年司法系统中青年人的需求。评估RC在多大程度上符合规范性RJ原则，或者实际实践是否与刑事司法和分流的其他理论有更多的共同点。分析RC是否适用于有SLC问题的儿童，并确定如果不适用，如何解决。分析RC是否正在为有特殊教育需要的儿童工作，如果没有，考虑如何更成功地促进这一点，并确定从小学开始可以采取的举措，以帮助儿童更有效地学习，行为适当，避免与YJS接触，特别是在教育系统中，在YJS之外。所有的研究目标都将通过与青训区当前的实践相联系来评估。建议的研究方法和视角研究视角：刑事司法和分流理论本研究将探讨目前在该司法管辖区实行的RC在多大程度上符合规范性RJ原则，或者实际做法是否与其他刑事司法和分流理论有更多的共同点，例如，Choongh的社会纪律模式。在当前的社会控制理论框架中定位实际实践将有助于将RJ理论超越当前对社会控制的描述，这些描述可能是消极的和限制性的。RJ在这个司法管辖区处于起步阶段，RJ理论应该指向新方向的分流政策和实践，重点是RJ原则，以指导积极的社区社会控制新的理论框架的发展，以加强社区对青少年犯罪的反应。本研究旨在为这一目的提供一个新的理论框架。抽样：本研究将通过有目的抽样的方式，从三个青训区选取关键人物进行访谈，以阐明研究的关键研究问题，从而提供当代的数据和见解。抽样策略将使用三个准则来选择其被调查者，以确保有目的的样本能够充分代表所考虑的问题。精英，半结构化访谈：我将与该地区的主要从业者和政策制定者以及青少年罪犯及其父母进行精英，半结构化访谈，通过主题分析分析所得数据，并获得苏塞克斯大学和相关YOT地区议会的道德批准。所有的道德要求都将被遵守。我将为每一组线人设计一些相关的问题（大约12个）。这些问题将阐明与其领域相关的研究问题，并允许灵活性，并遵循可能出现的意想不到的调查路线，以便可以比较和对比结果。缺点是数据不能代表整个YJS，但对YOT地区有用。主题分析：将用于在访谈中识别和提炼重要概念，这是定性分析的关键部分。访谈将被记录，转录和重复的主题编码，分类和图表形式表示，以帮助分析。我也将进行参与者的观察

This study will aim to assess whether or not Restorative Cautioning (RC) currently assists in supporting the needs of young people in the Youth Justice System (YJS) in England & Wales ("this jurisdiction") since the new statutory system of Youth Cautions (YCs) and Youth Conditional Cautions (YCCs) was introduced in April 2013 under LASPO for under 18 year olds ("children").Statement of Research AimsI have chosen to analyse RC in the YJS as I have already identified the three issues above arising from empirical research and the Justice Committee Report which need urgent reform, relating these to current practice in the YOT Areas via qualitative empirical analysis as this is a gap in current research.-Analyse whether or not RC currently assists in supporting the needs of young people in the YJS in this jurisdiction.-Assess how far RC fits with normative RJ principles or whether actual practice has more in common with other theories of criminal justice and diversion.-Analyse whether RC works for children with SLC issues & identify how this could be addressed if not.-Analyse whether RC is working for children with SEN issues & if not, consider how this could be facilitated more successfully & identify initiatives that can be taken from Primary level onwards to assist children to learn more effectively and behave appropriately to avoid contact with the YJS, particularly in the education system, outside the YJS.-All research aims will be assessed by relating them to current practice in YOT Areas.Description of Proposed Research Methods & PerspectiveResearch Perspective: Theories of Criminal Justice and DiversionThis study will look at how far RC as currently practised in this jurisdiction fits in with normative RJ principles or whether actual practice has more in common with other theories of criminal justice and diversion, for example, Choongh's Social Disciplinary Model. Locating actual practice in a current theoretical framework for social control will help to move RJ theory beyond current descriptions of social control which can be negative and limiting. RJ is in its infancy in this jurisdiction and RJ theory should point diversion policy and practice in new directions focussing on RJ principles to guide development of a new theoretical framework for positive community social control to strengthen the community response to youth crime. This study aims to provide a new theoretical framework for this purpose.Sampling: This study will select key figures to interview from three YOT Areas to illuminate the study's key research questions, via purposive sampling, in order to provide contemporary data and insight.The sampling strategy will use three guidelines to select its informants to ensure a purposive sample which adequately represents the issues under consideration. Elite, Semi-Structured Interviews: I will conduct elite, semi-structured interviews with key practitioners and policy makers in the area as well as young offenders and their parents, analysing the resulting data with thematic analysis, having obtained ethical approval to do so from Sussex University and the relevant YOT Area Councils. All ethical requirements will be followed.I will design a number of relevant questions for each group of informants (around 12 for manageability). These questions will illuminate the research questions relevant to their area and will allow for flexibility and to follow unexpected lines of inquiry which may arise so that the results can be compared and contrasted. A disadvantage will be that the data will not be representative of the YJS as a whole but it will be useful to the YOT Areas.Thematic Analysis:will be used to identify and refine important concepts in the interviews, a key part of qualitative analysis. The interviews will be recorded, transcribed and recurring themes coded, categorized and represented in chart form to assist analysis.I will also conduct participant observations