Design of low residue packs by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

许多基本的乳霜和凝胶，如牙膏、洗发水、防腐剂，都是用柔性塑料管提供的，根据使用者的不同，总是会留下一些残留物，这是浪费和对环境不利的。这是消费者对联合利华的持久抱怨。这对他们的业务和可持续发展状况产生了不利影响。该项目旨在通过计算机模拟，了解产品和包装的相互作用如何影响残留物，以便提供新的解决方案。该项目将率先在联合利华使用平滑粒子流体力学(SPH)，这是一种令人兴奋的新无网格计算流体动力学(CFD)，适用于具有复杂自由表面运动的高度非线性流动。这些产品被称为非牛顿流体，SPH集团拥有广泛的专业知识。

Many essential creams and gels, e.g. toothpaste, shampoo, antiseptics, are provided in flexible plastic tubes and some residue is invariably left, depending on the user, which is wasteful and environmentally undesirable. This is an enduring consumer complaint to Unilever. It adversely affects their business and sustainability profile. This project aims, through computational simulation, to understand how the interaction of product and pack affects residue in order to provide new solutions. The project will pioneer the first use in Unilever of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) which is an exciting new meshless computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for highly non-linear flows with complex, free-surface motions. These products are referred to as Non-Newtonian fluids where the SPH group has general expertise.