Gender,sex typing, and depressive vulnerability

描述(由候选人提供)：单相主要疾病的患病率 抑郁症继续急剧增加(Murray&Lopez，1992)， 疾病构成了一个重大的公共卫生问题。此外，女性是 患严重抑郁症的可能性是男性的两倍， 人们对这种性别差异仍然知之甚少(Kessler，2000)。实证研究 关注男女患抑郁症的易感性是至关重要的， 对将女性置于特别危险境地的因素的研究。 这项拟议的研究旨在促进我们对抑郁症的理解 通过调查其与性别和性别类型的关系来研究脆弱性( 在性别方面处理关于他人和自我的信息的倾向 刻板印象；伯尔尼，1981)。为此，采取了一种综合办法，即 情感脆弱性的自我差异模型(Higgins，1987)是 在性别图式理论的背景下进行研究(Bern，1981)。两国之间的关系 人格风格、社会性和自主性(Beck，1983)与自我差异和 性别分型也进行了检查。 该研究项目探索了抑郁症的三个不同方面 性别和性别类型可能相关的脆弱性：(1) 性别类型个体的中心自我目标与焦虑症的关系(2) 自我目标与自我目标实现的性别差异以及(3)性别差异 对自我差异和性别定型的社会性和自主性。三项研究 为了研究这些区域，建议使用非临床样本。 这一发现对开发更有效的治疗方法具有重要意义 用于降低死亡率的干预措施和预防战略 抑郁症。

DESCRIPTION (provided by candidate): With prevalence rates of unipolar major depression continuing to increase dramatically (Murray & Lopez, 1992), the illness constitutes a significant public health problem. Moreover, women are twice as likely to suffer from major depression as are men, and the causes of this gender gap are still poorly understood (Kessler, 2000). Empirical research regarding vulnerability to depression in both sexes is critical, as is the study of factors that place females at particular risk. The proposed research aims to advance our understanding of depressive vulnerability by investigating its relation to gender and sex typing (the tendency to process information about others and the self in terms of gender stereotypes; Bern, 1981). To that end, an integrative approach is adopted, in which the self-discrepancy model of affective vulnerability (Higgins, 1987) is studied in the context of gender schema theory (Bern, 1981). Relations of the personality styles sociotropy and autonomy (Beck, 1983) to self-discrepancy and sex typing are also examined. The research program explores three distinct aspects of depressive vulnerability for which gender and sex typing are likely to be relevant: (1) the relation of central self-goals to dysphoria in sex-typed individuals, (2) gender differences in self-goals and self-goal attainment, and (3) the relation of sociotropy and autonomy to self-discrepancy and sex typing. Three studies using nonclinical samples are proposed in order to investigate these areas. Findings have implications for the development of more effective therapeutic interventions and preventive strategies for use in reducing rates of depression.