Can rewilding work for everyone? Targeted rewilding to enhance ecosystem service delivery in the English uplands.

高地景观为社会和经济提供了重要的直接和间接效益。为了更好地理解、管理和传达自然的社会经济效益，政策制定者越来越多地采用“生态系统服务”的概念（Rafaelli和White， 2013）。在英国，高地管理传统上优先考虑以生产为基础的“提供生态系统服务”，如养羊和林业。然而，这造成了严重的环境破坏和广泛的影响，如水污染和低地洪水。这些问题引发了对高地“重新野生化”的建议（Merckx和Pereria， 2015），以及针对生态系统服务（PES）支付的政策，以确保高地提供更广泛的社会经济和环境效益。在英国，英国脱欧后即将出现的政策真空加剧了关于高地未来的辩论，这意味着包括共同农业政策（Common Agricultural policy）在内的许多高地政策将被英国特有的立法所取代。该项目将与Moors for the Future Partnership （MFFP）合作，探索如何在PDNP和南奔宁山脉高地的景观尺度上提供综合解决方案。MFFP有若干恢复高地自然植被的项目，包括恢复覆盖沼泽和在陡峭的高地山谷种植林地；后者由林业委员会的“林地换水”项目领导，确定了潜在的山地造林区域。

Upland landscapes provide vital direct and indirect benefits to society and the economy. To better understand, manage and communicate the socio-economic benefits of nature, policy-makers are increasingly adopting the concept of 'ecosystem services' (Rafaelli and White, 2013). In the UK, upland management has traditionally prioritised 'provisioning ecosystem services' based around production, such as sheep-farming and forestry. However, this has caused significant environmental damage with widespread impacts, such as water pollution and lowland flooding. These issues have elicited proposals for the uplands to be 'rewilded' (Merckx and Pereria, 2015), and for policies to be directed towards payments for ecosystem services (PES) to ensure the uplands provide a broader range of socio-economic as well as environmental benefits. In the UK, debates about the future of the uplands have been reinforced by the impending policy vacuum when the UK leaves the EU, meaning many upland policies, including the Common Agricultural Policy, will be superseded by UK-specific legislation.This project will work with Moors for the Future Partnership (MFFP), to explore how integrated solutions can be delivered at the landscape-scale in the uplands of the PDNP and South Pennines. MFFP has a number of projects to restore natural vegetation in the uplands, including restoring blanket bog and planting woodlands on steep upland valleys; the latter led by the Forestry Commission's 'Woodlands for Water' project, identifying potential areas for upland afforestation.