BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ABUSED SOLVENTS

在美国，吸入剂的滥用是一个严重的公共卫生问题。 以及在世界各地。不幸的是，这种形式的药物滥用是最少的 对所有药物滥用问题了如指掌。这个项目将 尝试提供关于以下一般情况的科学信息 问题：L)急性中毒的性质是什么？ 滥用吸入剂？2)浓度和暴露时间有什么关系 急性效应的性质和大小？3)急性效应的概况 与其他滥用药物产生的效果相似？4)所有 吸入剂也会产生类似的效果吗？可以预料到什么？ 来自混合溶剂？6)反复使用会产生依赖吗？ 7)对吸入剂的上述性质的评估是否有助于 对其滥用潜力的理解和预测？和8)什么是 吸入剂对行为影响的神经基础？要回答这些问题 问题，行为测试程序将在小鼠身上使用。在以前的 这个项目多年来已经发现，许多滥用的吸入剂会产生 与酒精产生的行为影响非常相似的一系列行为影响 以及滥用抑郁药物，可能是他们滥用的原因。 因此，提案的主要部分是审查以下各项的影响 吸入剂相对于乙醇和其他滥用药物的吸入剂和/或 特定于该药物类别的行为测试程序。新的行为 将在此项目期间制定的测试程序包括 吸入剂自身给药、位置偏爱的研究方法 条件反射，对运动活动的影响，多时间表的表现， 并惩罚了他们的回应。甲苯、三氯乙烷、甲氧基氟烷、 亚硝酸氟乙酯和亚硝酸异戊酯将在这些新程序中进行评估。 在之前的项目期间，产生身体依赖的模型 TCE被开发出来。建议用TCE对这一模型进行进一步研究 和其他吸入剂。还建议继续使用毒品 歧视程序，吸入剂对时间表的影响-受控 性能，与TCE的交叉依赖，以及功能观察 电池(FOB)进一步研究了一系列烷基苯类化合物。一系列 将对脂肪烃和相关的异构烷烃进行评估 第一次使用离岸价格、运动活动和对时间表的影响- 受控制的行为。异构烷烃溶剂正在考虑用于 除了许多商业和工业产品来取代三氯乙烯，所以它 尽快对它们进行研究就显得尤为重要。 有关溶剂的行为影响和滥用责任的信息可 允许制造商重新配制产品，以减少滥用。

The abuse of inhalants is a significant public health problem in the U.S. and around the world. Unfortunately, this form of drug abuse is the least well understood of all substance abuse problems. This project will attempt to provide scientific information on the following general questions: l) What is the nature of the acute intoxication produced by abused inhalants? 2) How is concentration and exposure duration related to the nature and magnitude of acute effects? 3) Is the profile of acute effects similar to that produced by other drugs of abuse? 4) Do all inhalants produce a similar profile of effects? 5) What can be expected from mixtures of solvents? 6) Does dependence occur with repeated use? 7) Can an assessment of the above properties of inhalants contribute to an understanding, and prediction, of their abuse potential? and 8) What is the neural basis of inhalant effects on behavior? To answer these questions, behavioral test procedures will be used in mice. In previous years of this project it has been found that many abused inhalants produce a profile of behavioral effects very similar to that produced by alcohol and abused depressant drugs, possibly accounting for their abuse. Therefore a major portion of the proposal is to examine the effects of inhalants relative to those of ethanol and other drugs of abuse, and/or in behavioral test procedures specific for this drug class. New behavioral test procedures which will be developed during this project period are methods for studying inhalant self-administration, place preference conditioning, effects on motor activity, multiple-schedule performance, and punished responding. Toluene, trichloroethane (TCE), methoxyflurane, flurothyl and isoamyl nitrite will be evaluated in these new procedures. In the prior project period, a model for producing physical dependence on TCE was developed. It is proposed to further study this model with TCE and other inhalants. It is also proposed to continue to use drug discrimination procedures, inhalant effects on schedule-controlled performance, cross dependence with TCE, and a functional observational battery (FOB) to further study a series of alkylbenzenes. A series of aliphatic hydrocarbons and related isoparaffins will be evaluated for the first time using the FOB, motor activity, and effects on schedule- controlled behavior. The isoparaffin solvents are being considered for addition to many commercial and industrial products to replace TCE, so it will be especially important to study them as soon as possible. Information on the behavioral effects and abuse liability of solvents may allow manufacturers to reformulate products to reduce their abuse.