A study into the influence of children's periodicals on the attitudes and political awareness of young readers in the USSR from 1956-1982

在苏联，普通苏联家庭订阅多种国家批准的出版物是司空见惯的。在提供的许多杂志中，有针对儿童或青年的特殊杂志。沿着所有其他经批准的出版物，这些儿童杂志受到社会主义现实主义的严格要求和当局的严格审查。共产主义哲学的传播和发展是出版商的主要关注点;儿童不被视为儿童，而是被视为共产主义的未来监护人。苏联儿童期刊出版社的主要话语是对党及其理想的尊重，并彻底拒绝对其合法性的任何怀疑。这个博士项目旨在评估和分析儿童期刊作为社会化的代理人。将考虑两本儿童杂志：Murzilka和Pioner，这是党批准的Oktiabriata和青年先锋运动的出版物，但也将关注当时的其他出版物，包括Koster。拟议中的研究将特别着眼于1956年至1982年这一时期，包括赫鲁晓夫和勃列日涅夫分别领导下的解冻和停滞时期，并绘制了一个摇摆不定的儿童性格教育方法。关于苏联儿童期刊出版社的作用，几乎没有人写过。这项研究将不仅解决这一差距在现有的知识上的社会化作用的儿童文学的年轻读者，但也将允许进一步解构苏联的遗产和它的塑造俄罗斯present.The拟议的研究将考虑两个主要出版物整体，集中在以下问题：杂志是如何构建的？谁决定了内容？这些出版物在塑造年轻共产主义者的态度方面有多有效？读者的社会化成功了吗？读者们长大后会成为“新苏联”的男人和女人吗？首先，将对每一份杂志的文字和图片内容进行分析和编码。为了使杂志的内容和形式有一个背景，我们将参考党对社会主义现实主义的实施和其中的学说，以及社会政治全景。研究将质疑社会主义现实主义的学说在多大程度上决定了杂志的内容，如何通过故事，诗歌和插图实现严格的品格教育，以及这些如何导致读者的政治化和社会化以及苏联身份的谈判。本研究将探讨当时的社会政治议题和事件对杂志内容的影响，以帮助了解社会如何看待儿童，以及儿童如何看待社会。其次，本研究将探讨杂志的建构。通过对编辑档案的分析，该项目将试图了解每个问题是如何产生的;内容是否是作者委托或建议的，任何限制是否是隐含或明确的，在认为文章适合出版之前是否需要任何修改，以及投稿人和编辑之间的关系的性质。这样做，任何艺术约束的贡献者将被发现，并在何种程度上，这些约束是由编辑人员亲自执行的分析。最后，研究将试图评估目标读者对杂志的接受程度。我们将对以前的读者进行采访，以了解他们过去对杂志的态度。这些口述历史将有助于构建一幅儿童如何看待杂志的图景，以及杂志在读者的品格教育和社会态度中所起的作用，以及这是隐性还是显性实现的。

In the USSR, it was commonplace for the average Soviet family to subscribe to multiple state-sanctioned publications. Among the many on offer were particular magazines targeted towards children or youths. Along with all other approved press, these children's magazines were subject to the rigours of Socialist Realism and the strict censorship of the authorities. The conveyance and advancement of Communist philosophy was the primary concern of the publishers; children were not seen as children, rather they were considered as future guardians of Communism. The overarching discourse of the Soviet children's periodical press is one of deference to the party and its ideals and an outright rejection of any doubts as to its legitimacy. This PhD project seeks to assess and analyse the children's periodical press as an agent of socialisation. Two children's magazines will be considered: Murzilka and Pioner, the party-sanctioned publications of the Oktiabriata and Young Pioneer movements, but attention will also be paid to other publications of the time, including Koster. The proposed research will look specifically at the period 1956-1982, encompassing the Thaw and Stagnation periods under Khrushchev and Brezhnev respectively, and charting a vacillating approach to the character education of children. Little has been written on the role of the children's periodical press in the Soviet Union. This research will not only address this gap in existing knowledge on the socialising role of children's literature on young readers, but will also allow further deconstruction of the Soviet legacy and its shaping of the Russian present.The proposed research will consider the two major publications holistically, focusing on the following questions: How were the magazines constructed? Who decided the content? How effective were the publications in shaping the attitudes of young communists? Was the socialisation of the reader a success? Did the readers grow up to be 'New Soviet' men and women? First, the textual and graphic content of each magazine will be analysed and coded. Reference will be made to the party's implementation of Socialist Realism and the doctrines therein, as well as the socio-political panorama, in order to contextualise the magazine's content and form. The research will question how far the doctrines of Socialist Realism determined the content of the magazines, how stringent character education was realised through stories, poetry and illustrations and in turn, how these led to the politicisation and socialisation of the reader and the negotiation of Soviet identity. The effect of the contemporaneous socio-political issues and events on the content of the magazines will be examined in order to help understand how children were viewed by society and conversely how society was viewed by children.Secondly, the research will explore the construction of the magazines. Through analysis of editorial archives, the project will seek to understand how each issue came to be; whether the content was commissioned or suggested by the writer, whether any restrictions were implicit or explicit, whether any revisions were required before the piece was deemed suitable for publication and the nature of the relationship between contributor and editor. In so doing, any artistic constraints on contributors will be uncovered and the extent to which they were personally enforced by the editorial staff analysed.Finally, the research will seek to assess the reception of the magazines amongst the target readership. Interviews will be conducted with former readers in order to uncover their past attitude to the magazines. These oral histories will help construct a picture of how children viewed the magazines and the magazines' role in the readers' character education and social attitudes and whether this was achieved implicitly or explicitly.