SUBCUTANEOUS FAT, BLOOD LIPIDS AND SUBSEQUENT OUTCOME

这一创新方案的长远意义在于：a)更好地了解正常个体中身体成分的数量和分布对健康的影响，b)与其他因素一起检查使儿童和/或成人易患高水平体脂和其他心血管疾病风险因素的影响，以及c)应用新的方法和统计分析技术来测量和更好地描述这些关系。这是两个综合的具体目标，每个目标都包含一组具体的假设，侧重于序列和横断面数据。这些目标是：a)收集和使用从1929年开始的Fels纵向研究的850多名核心参与者的长期序列数据，以确定儿童、成年和老年初期身体组成变化模式、脂肪相关变量和其他心血管疾病风险因素之间的关系；b)检查身体组成、脂肪组织分布、心血管疾病风险因素和生活方式变量之间的关系。通过持续量化身体脂肪（使用方法包括人体测量、水和空气密度测量、生物电阻抗和双能x射线吸收测量），评估特定的心血管疾病危险因素，调查这些特征变化的本质及其之间的关系，这些领域的科学知识将继续得到发展。利用新的和现有的长期序列数据，将确定与心血管疾病危险因素和身体组成相关的特定变量的变化模式之间的关系。该研究的一个主要优势是，它允许在连续和横断面设置中，在整个生命周期的不同时间评估许多可能的关系。因此，将采用创新的分析方法，针对生命的不同时期（从出生到老年早期）提出各种假设，以解决提案的具体目标。需要考虑的假设类型包括：身体成分的变化是否与成熟度、瘦素、体力活动或心血管疾病危险因素（如吸烟、血压、胰岛素、脂质/脂蛋白）的同时和/或先前的水平或变化模式有关？危险因素的变化模式是否与脂肪组织分布有关？持续性肥胖和/或超重的发病年龄与心血管疾病风险因素的后期水平之间有什么关系？围绝经期身体成分、危险因素或脂肪组织分布有什么变化？这些变化是否受到激素替代、吸烟、饮酒或体育锻炼水平的影响？

The long-term significance of this innovative proposal is: a) to better understand the health effects of the amount and distribution of the body s composition in normal individuals, b) to examine the influences, in association with others, that predispose individuals as children and/or adults for risk of high levels of body fatness and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and c) to apply new methods and statistical analysis techniques to measure and better describe these relationships. These are two general comprehensive specific aims, each encompassing a set of specific hypotheses focusing on both serial and cross-sectional data. These aims are: a) to collect and use long-term serial data from the over 850 core participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study, which began in 1929, to determine relationships among patterns of change in body composition, fat-related variables, and other risk factors for CVD during childhood, adulthood and the beginning of old age, and b) to examine associations among body composition, adipose tissue distribution, risk factors for CVD, and lifestyle variables. Through continued quantification of body fatness (using methods including anthorpometry, water and air densitometry, bioelectric impedance, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), evaluation of specific CVD risk factors, and investigation into the nature of the changes in, and the relationships among, these traits, the scientific knowledge in these areas will continue to be advanced. Using new and existing long-term serial data, the relationships between patterns of change in specific variables as they relate to CVD risk factors and body composition will be determined. One major strength of the study is that it allows numerous possible relationships, in both serial and cross-sectional settings, to be evaluated at varying times throughout the lifespan. Accordingly, innovative analytical approaches will be used with various hypotheses focused at differing times of life, from birth to early old age, to address the proposal s specific aims. Types of hypotheses to be considered include: Are changes in body composition related to concurrent and/or previous levels or patterns of change in maturity, leptin, physical activity, or risk factors for CVD (e.g., smoking, blood pressure, insulin, lipids/lipoproteins)? Are patterns of change in risk factors related to adipose tissue distribution? What are the relationships between the age of onset of persistent obesity and/or overweight and later levels of risk factors for CVD? What are the changes in body composition, risk factors or adipose tissue distribution during the peri-menopausal period? Are these changes affected by hormonal replacement, smoking, alcohol or level of physical activity?