Contested Urban Street Space - Exploring the relationships between road user behaviour, walking and cycling infrastructure, and highway regulations

可持续运输的未来取决于对运输环境内相互作用行为的理解和对运输工具的选择。公共领域内的社会行为受到法律和条例以及环境设计（如不同用户类型的混合或隔离程度）的影响。最有可能有助于在法律的和环境背景下研究行为的理论是行为主义（沃森，1930年），一种学习理论，假设行为是通过条件反射获得的，并且是与环境相互作用的结果。该研究将假设设计，这些信息可用于进一步了解设计和监管方面的适当未来方向，目的是发展更可持续的交通运输未来。本研究的目的是调查在步行和自行车基础设施内或附近的所有道路使用者的行为，并根据影响其使用的法规进行研究。如何做到：a.行为影响基础设施设计和监管？B.监管影响基础设施设计和行为？C.基础设施设计影响监管和行为？2.新的和正在出现的标准、指南和法规对设计有什么影响？3.哪些法律法规仍然制约着方案设计？4.警察和法律的专业人员对步行和自行车交通的态度和做法是什么？5.可以采用什么程序来试验创新的步行和自行车交通计划？6.关于行人和自行车交通计划的公众讨论的性质是什么？7.从其他北欧国家的经验中可以学到什么？暂定的研究方法包括：- 对同质和异质道路使用者群体的焦点小组（RQ 1）-对不同道路使用者群体的半结构化访谈（RQ 1）-对英国专业人士（包括设计师、规划师、警察、保险公司和政策制定者（RQ 2至5）-与公路和交通法规相关的设计指南和文件的整理和分析（RQ 2至RQ 5）-整理和分析媒体关于行人和自行车交通计划的公共讨论的报道（RQ 6）-参考访谈，以了解其他北欧背景（RQ 7）该研究具有很大的潜力，为未来的公路法规和基础设施设计提供信息，特别是针对骑自行车和步行。通过探索道路使用者对基础设施设计、法规和其他道路使用者的反应行为，这项研究也可能为《公路法规》的未来发展以及驾驶员和自行车培训提供信息。项目第一年：回顾文献，建立理论基础，开发方法，获得伦理学批准第二年：进一步开发和试验方法，开始数据收集第三年：完成数据收集，分析数据，撰写报告

The future of sustainable transport relies on an understanding of behaviour in relation to interactions within the transport environment and the choice of means of transport. Social behaviours within the public realm are influenced by the law and regulation, and by the design of the environment (such as the degree of mixing or segregation of different user types). The most likely theory to be useful to assist in researching behaviour within the legal and environmental context is Behaviourism (Watson, 1930), a theory of learning that assumes behaviours are acquired through conditioning, and which result from interactions with the environment.The research will hypothesise a model of the relations between design, regulation and behaviour which may be used to illuminate further understanding about appropriate future direction in design and regulation with the aim of developing more sustainable transport futures. The aim of the research is to investigate the behaviour of all road users navigating within or adjacent to walking and cycling infrastructure in the context of the regulations that shape its use.The aim is supported by the following provisional research questions:1. How does:a. behaviour influence infrastructure design and regulation?b. regulation influence infrastructure design and behaviour? c. infrastructure design influence regulation and behaviour? 2. What effect are new and emerging standards, guidance and regulation having on design?3. What law and regulation still constrains scheme designs?4. What are the attitude and approach of the police and legal profession to walking and cycle traffic?5. What processes can be adopted to trial innovative walking and cycle traffic schemes?6. What is the nature of public discourse relating to pedestrian and cycle traffic schemes?7. What can be learnt from the experience in other North European contexts?The provisional proposed research methods include the following:- Focus groups among homogeneous and heterogeneous groups of road users (RQ1)- Semi-structured interviews with different groups of road users (RQ1)- Key informant interviews with professionals in the UK, including designers, planners, the police, insurers and policy makers (RQs 2 to 5)- Collation and analysis of design guidance and documents relating to highway and traffic law and regulation (RQs 2 to 5)- Collation and analysis of media reporting on the public discourse relating to pedestrian and cycle traffic schemes (RQ 6)- Reference interviews to learn from other North European contexts (RQ 7)The research has significant potential to inform future highway regulation and infrastructure design, particularly for cycling and walking. By exploring the behaviours of road users as they respond to infrastructure design, regulation and other road users, the research may also be informative for future developments of the Highway Code, and driver and cycle training. Dissemination would take place through professional and other networks of which UWE is a member.ProgrammeYear 1: review literature, establish theoretical basis, develop the methodology, obtain ethics approvalYear 2: further develop and pilot the methodology, start data collectionYear 3: complete data collection, analyse the data, write up