Exploring the Role of Desistance Theory in Community Justice Policy Provision for Women in Scotland

这一实证研究的中心目的是发展一个更交叉的理解，以停止为重点的研究如何构建苏格兰社区司法（SCJ）政策和服务，近年来妇女。这项拟议的研究将批判性地探讨如何解释和利用以抵抗为重点的框架和方法（Laub和Sampson, 2001; Healy, 2010）来影响SCJ对女性的反应。这项研究将三角化政策分析；面试人员;探索政策制定者的观点。该方法将使研究在可持续发展政策制定中所发挥的作用以及这些政策如何转化为服务提供得到充分审查。当代抵抗文学和研究（如Maruna， 2001年；Giordano等人，2002年；Sampson和Laub， 2003年；Farrall和Maruna， 2004年）将通过交叉性和女权主义犯罪学的视角进行分析。这项研究将被置于研究人员的批判女权主义和社会建构主义认识论中，因此，不局限于只关注个人代理的考虑。它将包括对抵抗的结构性影响，包括性别劣势（Giordano等人，2002年）、制度文化（Maruna和Toch， 2005年）、对穷人的刑事定罪（Reiman， 1979年）和国家对妇女的刑事反应（Eski等人，2011年；Steffensmeier和Haynie， 2000年）。因此，本研究旨在考虑影响女性抵抗的复杂微观因素与公认的结构方面（Farrall and Bowling, 1999）的相互作用，这些因素形成了抵抗学术（Farrall and Maruna, 2004）和SCJ政策制定。阻力理论已经成为一个充满活力的学术领域（Graham and McNeill, 2017）。性别和抵抗的交叉性是苏格兰社会法律和犯罪学研究中非常热门的话题。本研究将在当前不断变化的妇女性别平等政策（苏格兰政府，2014年；苏格兰政府，2015年）和社区司法条款重组（社区司法（苏格兰）法案，2015年）的背景下进行。因此，本研究认识到，现在是检查阻力研究对苏格兰妇女社区倡议经验的影响的重要时机。研究问题:1。哪些社会、政治和学术因素影响了苏格兰妇女社区司法政策的构建？这些政策如何影响妇女的康复经历和走向抵抗的途径？3. 在以社区为基础的针对被定罪妇女的倡议中，政策转化为实践的成功程度如何？决策者和抵抗学者如何更好地解决SCJ倡议中目前的局限性，以纳入性别差异和妇女抵抗过程的经验？

The central aim of this empirical research is to develop a more intersectional understanding of how desistance-focused research has constructed Scottish Community Justice (SCJ) policies and services for women in recent years. This proposed research will critically explore how the wealth of desistance-focused frameworks and approaches (Laub and Sampson, 2001; Healy, 2010) have been interpreted and utilised to influence SCJ responses to women. This study will triangulate policy analysis; interviewing practitioners; and exploring policymaker's perspectives. The methodology will enable both the role desistance research has played in SCJ policymaking and how these policies have translated into service provision to be fully examined. Contemporary desistance literature and research (such as Maruna, 2001; Giordano et al., 2002; Sampson and Laub, 2003; Farrall and Maruna, 2004) will be analysed through the lens of intersectionality and feminist criminological perspectives. This research will be placed within the researcher's critical feminist and social constructionist epistemology and therefore, not be limited to considerations only focusing on individual agency. It will encompass structural influences towards desistance including, gendered disadvantage (Giordano et al., 2002), institutional cultures (Maruna and Toch, 2005), the criminalisation of the poor (Reiman, 1979) and national penal responses to women (Eski et al., 2011; Steffensmeier and Haynie, 2000). Therefore, this study aims to consider the interplay of complex micro factors which influence women's desistance and the recognised structural aspects (Farrall and Bowling, 1999) which have shaped desistance scholarship (Farrall and Maruna, 2004) and SCJ policymaking. Desistance theory has become a dynamic field of academia (Graham and McNeill, 2017). The intersectionality of gender and desistance is very topical within Scottish socio-legal and criminology research. This study will be situated within the current emerging landscape of changing SCJ policy for women (The Scottish Government, 2014; The Scottish Government, 2015) and the restructuring of Community Justice provision (Community Justice (Scotland) Bill, 2015). Consequently, this study recognises this is an important time to be examining the impact desistance research has on the experiences of community-based initiatives for women in Scotland. Research Questions:1. What social, political and academic considerations influence the construction of Community Justice policies for women in Scotland?2. How have these policies influenced women's experiences of rehabilitation and pathways towards desistance? 3. How successfully has policy translated into practice within community-based initiatives for women with convictions?4. How could policymakers and desistance scholars better address current limitations within SCJ initiatives to incorporate gendered differences and experiences of the desistance process for women?