Beyond good intentions: Tourism as a driver of Emotion & Philanthropic Behaviour change

建立在我的书《北极反射》(Tomac.，Hehir)成功的基础上。这项跨学科的研究将我对环境心理学的热情和作为英国国家旅游局行为经济学研究员的多年经验联系起来。对于一些人来说，气候变化提供了在极地等地区消失之前访问它们的理由(Dawson等人，2011年)，但前往受威胁地区的行为引发了游客对已经濒临死亡的目的地的热爱过早死亡的幽灵。对新的、快速增长的利基市场对最后机会旅游的好处的学术评估(Lemelin等人，2010年)是相互矛盾和有限的：目前的研究缺乏对什么游客体验可以弥合态度-行为差距并推动行为改变的理解(Hall等人，2015年；Miller等人，2010年)。这项研究与领先的旅行社和国际野生动物慈善机构合作，使用混合的方法(调查和采访)来了解旅行是否会增加以保护为导向的慈善事业。了解人们与自然的关系是如何形成的，以及它们可能产生的行为影响的结果，可以为目的地如何有效地实现保护目标提供关键的洞察力(Richardson等人，2016)，并促进旅游运营商和非营利部门之间的更大合作。以下研究目标是在与旅游业和自然保护组织成员磋商后制定的：1确定并批评在旅游体验中支撑与自然和野生动物情感联系的关键因素。2评估随着时间的推移，旅游业中与自然的情感联系所导致的实际环境行为变化的形式。3调查时间(在游览后)冲淡游客对一个地方、环境行动或濒危物种的情绪的程度。4探讨与自然的情感联系与慈善行为的相关性。5确定“最后机会旅游目的地”和/或与野生濒危动物相遇的程度，增加游客的长期慈善行为。最近也经常捐献的野生动物旅行者(包括极地游客)的样本将使用半结构问卷进行调查，随后将使用不同目的抽样技术进行深入访谈。受访者的旅行模式、捐赠历史和与自然的联系程度将被整理，以评估旅行保护的价值。结构方程模型将被用来测试参与者在以下多个变量之间的关系：最后一次机会旅行经历(例如，现场活动、看到的物种、目的地的美丽)、与自然的联系以及慈善行为。我在行业内做研究人员的经历和过去的学术工作，其中包括一篇获奖的理学硕士论文《南极洲的未来。旅游业是盟友还是敌人？》除了我的书之外，最近的出版物，如英国文化协会的《北极行动》报告，证明了我对这一主题的承诺，以及我现有的混合方法研究技能，这是我在3年内完成这一博士学位所需的。

Building upon the success of my book, Arctic Reflections (Tomac., Hehir. 2013) this inter-disciplinary research bridges my passion for environmental psychology and years of experience as a researcher in behavioural economics for Britain's National Tourist Board. Climate change for some provides a rationale to visit areas, like polar regions, before they disappear (Dawson et al., 2011), but the act of travelling to threatened areas raises the spectre of tourists loving an already dying destination to an early death. The academic assessment of the benefits of the new and rapidly growing niche market for last chance tourism (Lemelin et al., 2010) is contradictory and limited: an understanding of what tourist experiences can close the attitude-behaviour gap and drive behaviour change is currently missing from current research (Hall et al, 2015; Miller et al., 2010). Partnering with leading tour operators and international wildlife charities, this study uses mixed methods (surveys and interviews) to understand whether travelling leads to increases in conservation-oriented philanthropy. Outcomes of knowing how people's relationships with nature form and what behavioural implications they may have could provide critical insight into how destinations can effectively meet conservation goals (Richardson et al., 2016) and facilitate greater collaboration between the tour operator and non-profit sectors. The following research objectives have been developed in consultation with members of the tourism industry and conservation organisations:1 Identify and critique the key factors underpinning emotional connections to nature and wildlife within the tourist experience. 2 Evaluate the forms of actual pro-environmental behaviour change that subsequently result over time from the emotional connections to nature experienced in tourism. 3 Investigate the extent to which time (after visiting) dilutes tourists' emotions towards a place, environmental action or endangered species. 4 Investigate the correlation between emotional connection to nature and philanthropic behaviour. 5 Determine the extent to which 'last chance travel destinations' and/or encounters with endangered animals in the wild, increase tourists' long-term philanthropic behaviour. A sample of recent wildlife travellers (including polar tourists) who also regularly donate will be surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire, sequentially followed by in-depth interviews using a heterogenous purposive sampling technique. Respondents' travel patterns, donation history and levels of connections to nature will be collated to assess the value of travelling to conservation. Structural equation modelling will be used to test participants' relationships between the following multiple variables; the last chance travel experience (e.g. onsite activities, species seen, destination's beauty), connections to nature and philanthropic behaviour. My experience as a researcher within industry and past academic work, which includes an award-winning MSc dissertation, 'The future of Antarctica. Is tourism an ally or an enemy?' and more recent publications like the British Council's 'Action for the Arctic' report in addition to my book, are evidence of my commitment to this subject and my existing mixed methods research skill set required to complete this PhD within 3 years.