Social entrepreneurship in Liverpool: reconnecting with 'the social' by investigating lived practice

目的--本研究旨在通过摆脱经济主义思维和方法论个人主义的霸权，使社会创业研究重新社会化。尽管社会创业作为经济增长和社会改善的工具具有双重重要性，但对其更广泛的社会关切只给予了有限的关注。在研究实践中以及在随后的政策建议中，存在这样一种危险，即对社会企业家精神的理解、衡量、支持或制裁是在没有充分考虑这一领域制度化的社会因素的框架的基础上进行的。研究问题-根植于现象学本体论，并设想人类的行动总是嵌入社会，这项研究将调查社会创业的实践作为生活经验。它考虑那些从事社会创业的人的活动，以及组成其网站的意义、互动和材料的更广泛的背景：背景如何促进和制约社会企业家的出现，并影响经历它的人的生活？设计/方法论/方法-遵循实践理论理想本研究遵循定性和归纳的方法论设计。它采用个案研究方法，结合了包括访谈、观察、档案和文件分析在内的一系列数据收集方法，以了解行动、规则、材料和目的所附的含义。经验性材料将进行专题分析。研究网站--研究网站--利物浦的社会创业--通过对社会创业组织的少量深入案例研究进行了调查。除了研究社会创业组织的“内部”之外，还将追踪与该组织相关的更广泛的联系。这包括供应商、客户以及有关组织(S)的更广泛的受益者和利益相关者。研究意义--这项研究将实证调查与理论发展结合起来。除其他外，它借鉴了网络理论、社会资本理论和地方主义，以便对社会创业发生的更广泛的社会和文化背景进行理论化，以便更好地理解如何找到有意义的解决办法来解决社会问题。实际意义--除了对文献的贡献外，这项研究还旨在为政策提供关于这一具有社会重要性的领域的适当支持机制的信息。原创性/价值-这项研究回应了从业者的视角开始在未来的社会创业研究中占据更核心的角色的呼吁。通过关注从业者的视角，同时也关注那些受其行为影响的人(即当地社区)的经历，这项研究有助于扩展社会创业奖学金。关键词-社会创业、创业精神、利物浦、社会资本、网络、地方主义

Purpose - This study aims to resocialize social entrepreneurship studies by departing from the hegemony of economistic thinking and methodological individualism. Despite the double importance of social entrepreneurship as a vehicle for economic growth and societal improvement only limited attention has been paid to its wider social concerns. In research practice as well as in ensuing policy recommendations, there is a danger that social entrepreneurship is understood, measured, supported or sanctioned on the basis of frameworks that insufficiently account for the social elements that institutionalize this area. Research question - Rooted in a phenomenological ontology and conceiving of human action as always socially embedded, this study will investigate the practice of social entrepreneurship as lived experience. It considers the activities of those engaged in social entrepreneurship, as well as the wider context of meaning, interactions and materials that constitute its site by asking: how does context enable and constrain the emergence of social entrepreneurship and influence the lives of those who experience it? Design/methodology/approach - Following practice theoretical ideals this study follows a qualitative and inductive methodological design. It uses a case study approach and combines a range of data collection methods that include interviews, observations, archival and documentary analysis, in order to understand the meanings that are attached to actions, rules, materials and ends. The empirical material will be subject to thematic analysis. Research site - The research site - social entrepreneurship in Liverpool - is investigated through a small number of in-depth case studies of social entrepreneurship organizations. In addition to researching the 'inside' of social entrepreneurship organizations, wider connections tangential to the organization will be traced. This includes suppliers, customers and wider beneficiaries and stakeholders to the organization(s) in question. Research implications - This study marries empirical investigation with theory development. It draws upon, amongst others, network theory, social capital theory and localism in order to theorize the wider social and cultural context that social entrepreneurship takes place within, in order to better understand how meaningful solutions may be found to address social problems. Practical implications - In addition to contributions to the literature this research also aims to inform policy on adequate support mechanisms for this societally important area. Originality/value - This study answers calls for the practitioners' perspective to begin to occupy a more central role in prospective social entrepreneurship research. By focusing on the perspectives of practitioners whilst also paying attention to the experiences of those affected by their actions (i.e. the local community), this research contributes toward extending social entrepreneurship scholarship. Keywords - social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurialism, Liverpool, social capital, networks, localism