Making Better Decisions: Policy Modeling-AIDS/Drug Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的动机是美国医学研究所艾滋病预防战略委员会最近的报告，该报告主张在资源分配决策中使用评估和成本效益框架。该项目旨在通过发展数学和经济模型，促进艾滋病毒和药物滥用预防领域的合理规划和政策制定。为了实现这一目标，研究者提出了以下具体目标：1。构建表征用于改变风险行为的支出与经验观察到的这些行为变化之间关系的生产函数。2. 开发基于模型的方法，将艾滋病毒相关干预措施的行为影响转化为流行病学上有意义的结果测量。3. 评估如何最好地估计艾滋病毒干预项目的健康结果、经济结果和成本效益。4. 评估旨在减缓艾滋病毒和药物滥用传播的具体干预措施的有效性和成本效益，包括药物滥用治疗方案、减少耐药艾滋病毒传播的战略、艾滋病毒咨询、检测和转诊。5. 通过审查干预措施组合的有效性和成本效益，指导预防战略和社会资源的分配。这包括评估针对流行病学的艾滋病毒预防规划与一般艾滋病毒预防规划的适当性，以及分析其他国家和国际艾滋病毒预防战略。6. 研究艾滋病毒和药物滥用领域的政策建模与公共卫生决策之间的关系。拟议的研究将推动最新的艾滋病毒规划和政策建模，批判性地评估有前途的干预措施，并有助于为艾滋病毒和药物滥用预防干预措施组合分配稀缺资源提供科学基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is motivated by the recent report of the Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Prevention Strategy in the United States, which advocates the use of evaluation and cost-effectiveness frameworks for resource allocation decisions. This project aims to promote reasoned planning and policy making in the realm of HIV and substance abuse prevention via the development of mathematical and economic models. To achieve this goal, the investigators propose the following specific aims: 1. To construct production functions that characterize the relationship between expenditures to modify risk behaviors and empirically observed changes in those behaviors. 2. To develop model-based methods of translating the behavioral impact of HIV-related interventions into epidemiologically meaningful outcome measures. 3. To assess how best to estimate health outcomes, economic outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of HIV intervention programs. 4. To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of specific interventions aimed at slowing the spread of HIV and drug abuse, including substance abuse treatment programs, strategies to reduce the spread of resistant HIV, and HIV counseling, testing, and referral. 5. To guide prevention strategy and the allocation of societal resources by examining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of portfolios of interventions. This includes assessing the appropriateness of epidemiologically targeted versus general HIV prevention programs, as well as analyzing other national and international HIV prevention strategies. 6. To examine the relationship between policy modeling and public health decision making in the areas of HIV and substance abuse. The proposed research will advance the state-of-the art in HIV planning and policy modeling, critically evaluate promising interventions, and help provide the scientific foundation for allocation of scarce resources to portfolios of HIV and substance abuse prevention interventions.