Substance Use/HIV in 3 DC Southeast Asian Communities

因此，乔治华盛顿大学公共卫生与卫生服务学院卫生服务研究与政策中心、发展服务集团公司和应用语言学中心建议开展一项研究，调查东南亚人口中药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的数据很少。华盛顿特区大都市区越南、柬埔寨和老挝社区中药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的流行程度和文化背景。该研究将结合民族志定性策略和定量方法，以提供风险实践（行为）和嵌入这些实践的社会文化框架的数据。将编写三种文化（适当的）修改和翻译版本（越南语、高棉语和老挝语）的数量工具，其中包括来自全国药物滥用家庭调查的内容，以及来自疾病控制和预防中心的行为风险因素调查、国家药物滥用风险行为评估研究所的问题。以及一项正在进行的联邦资助的针对亚洲艾滋病/艾滋病毒感染移民和难民的示范研究中开发的仪器，该仪器用于亲自使用，并使用音频增强计算机和自我管理访谈（AUDIO- CASI）技术，以尽量减少漏报。文化适应和压力/幸福措施将被添加到调查中。定性部分将包括参与者观察、焦点小组和关于围绕药物使用/滥用和艾滋病毒相关风险做法的文化特定态度、信仰和社会模式的扩展定性访谈。一般人群和目标子样本都将包括在研究中。将在三个民族/族裔群体之间和内部进行比较。将审查六个研究问题，其中根据以下变量评估三个东南亚目标人群之间和内部的药物使用/滥用和与艾滋病毒相关的风险做法：种族/民族群体；移民的日期和性质；社会经济地位;文化适应程度；关于可耻行为的文化禁忌；代/年龄;出生地（美国/非美国）；（指青少年）参加帮派；还有社会边缘。

Very little data exist on substance use/abuse and HIV- related risk practices among Southeast Asian population in the U.S. George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services' Center for Health Services Research and Policy, Development Services Group, Inc., and the Center for Applied Linguistics are, therefore, proposing to conduct a study to investigate the characteristics, prevalence and cultural context of substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices among the Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian communities of the Washington, DC metropolitan area. The study will combine ethnographic qualitative strategies with quantitative approaches in order to provide data on both risk practices (behavior) and the socio- cultural framework in which these practices are embedded. Three culturally (competent) modified and translated (Vietnamese, Khmer, and Lao) versions of the quantitative instrument will be developed - composed of elements from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, together with questions taken from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, National Institute on Drug Abuse's Risk Behavior Assessment, and from an instrument developed in an ongoing federally funded demonstration study targeting Asian immigrants and refugees living with AIDS/HIV - for use in person and with audio-enhanced computer and self-administered interview (AUDIO- CASI) technology in order to minimize under-reporting. Acculturation and stress/well-being measures will be added to the survey. The qualitative component will include participant observation, focus groups, and extended qualitative interviews concerning culturally-specific attitudes, beliefs and social patterns surrounding substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices. Both general population and targeted sub-samples will be included in the study. Comparisons will be made between and within the three national/ethnic groups. Six research questions will be examined in which substance use/abuse and HIV-related risk practices among and within the three targeted Southeast Asian populations are assessed against the following variables: ethnic/national group; date and character of immigration; socioeconomic status; degree of acculturation; cultural proscription concerning shameful behavior; generation/age; birthplace (U.S./not U.S.); (for youth) participation in a gang; and social marginality.