MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS

这是最大的研究核心，由九个 致力于诱变和致癌各个方面的研究人员。 它汇集了毒物学家、分子生物学家、流行病学家和 遗传学家。这些跨专业项目的范围包括 通过对生物标记物和癌症风险的人类群体研究造成DNA损伤。 核心领导人是艾伦·史密斯博士。他的实验室取得的成就 包括脱落的膀胱上皮细胞的遗传毒性效应的证据 在饮用水中暴露于砷的人群中。其他 这一核心的成就包括艾姆斯博士的发现，即氧化DNA 损伤在衰老和癌症中起着重要作用，线粒体是一种 这些氧化剂的重要来源，而饮食中的抗氧化剂可以保护 对人体的氧化损伤有保护作用。新的沙门氏菌检测菌株(Ames II 测试)也已开发出来。用于分析的新型荧光标记 核酸是由亚历山大·格雷泽博士发明的。洛伊斯·戈尔德博士 与Bruce Ames博士合作，开发了排名方案和数据库 人类接触到的致癌物质。亚历山大·卡鲁博士 开发了检测多氯联苯和多环芳烃的免疫分析方法。斯图尔特·林恩博士增加了 我们对DNA氧化损伤所涉及的步骤的了解。马丁·史密斯博士 有关于苯代谢物的遗传毒性影响的新发现，以及 剥脱性膀胱微核FISH技术的建立 在艾伦·史密斯博士的研究中使用的实验。

This is the largest of the research cores, consisting of nine investigators working on various aspects of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It brings together toxicologists, molecular biologists, epidemiologist and geneticists. The multi-disciplinary projects range in scope from studies on DNA damage through human population studies on biomarkers and cancer risk. The core leader is Dr. Allan Smith. Accomplishments from his laboratory include evidence for genotoxic effects in exfoliated bladder epithelial cells in human population exposed to arsenic in drinking water. Other accomplishments of this core include findings by Dr. Ames that oxidative DNA damage plays a major role in aging and cancer, that mitochondria are an important source of these oxidants, and that dietary antioxidant can protect against oxidative damage in humans. New Salmonella tester strains (Ames II test) have also been developed. New fluorescent labels for analysis of nucleic acid have been developed by Dr. Alexander Glazer. Dr. Lois Gold, in collaboration with Dr. Bruce Ames, has developed ranking schemes and databases for carcinogenic agents to which humans are exposed. Dr. Alexander Karu has developed immunoassays to detect PCBs and PAHs. Dr. Stuart Linn has added to our knowledge of the steps involved in oxidative DNA damage. Dr. Martyn Smith has new findings on the genotoxic effects of benzene metabolites, as well as development of a FISH technique for micronuclei in exfoliated bladder experiments which was used in the studies of Dr. Allan Smith.