COPARENTING AND FAMILY LEVEL PROCESSES

自1990年代中期以来，发展研究开始研究以前在儿童和家庭研究中被忽视的家庭情感生活的一个重要方面--在整个家庭群体层面上发生的关系动态。这项工作的一个特别重点是了解这个家庭的共同育儿动态。这项工作还处于初级阶段，关于共同养育和家庭一级的动态的一些重要问题--特别是在家庭生活的早期--需要进行系统的研究。这个项目解决了四个这样的问题：(1)父母对自己共同育儿活动(促进家庭完整性的行为，冲突对孩子的贬低)的自我报告是否可以与相关家庭过程的观察措施联系在一起？(2)随着时间的推移，家庭层面的动态变化的连续性与变化可以说些什么？(3)考虑到孩子的气质和二元关系变量的影响，幼儿的自我调节、内化和外化行为在前后是否与共同育儿动态有关。(4)婚姻困境和幼儿适应之间的联系是否通过共同育儿过程来调节？100对夫妇将参加基于实验室的家庭互动会议，与12个月和30个月大的孩子一起，并就他们的共同育儿关系接受采访。在每个时期，独立的实验室评估将检查(A)每一种亲子关系；(B)婚姻关系；(C)在整个家庭群体一级发生的互动；以及(D)儿童气质。幼儿的自我调节、内化和外化行为将在30个月后进行评估。回归和马诺瓦程序将检查从婴儿期到蹒跚学步的共同养育和家庭层面的动态的连续性和变化。回归分析将检验除了气质和二元关系属性的贡献外，共同父母冲突、家庭凝聚力和参与方面的差异是否对幼儿适应的预测具有独特的贡献。使用偏最小二乘检验程序的潜在变量通径分析将检查直接(婚姻与孩子)和间接(婚姻-家庭-孩子)的联系。

Since the mid-1990s, developmental research has begun examining an important dimension of the family's emotional life previously neglected in studies of children and families-relational dynamics that take place at the level of the whole family group. A particular focus in this work has been on understanding the family's co-parenting dynamics. This work is in its infancy, and a number of important questions concerning co- parenting and family-level dynamics-particularly during the early years of family life-require systematic study. This project addresses four such questions: (1) Can parents' self-reports of their own co-parenting activities (behavior promoting family integrity, conflict disparaging the partner to the child) be tied to observational measures of related family processes? (2) What can be said about continuity versus change in family-level dynamics over time? (3) Are toddler self-regulation, internalizing and externalizing behavior linked to co-parenting dynamics before, and after, taking into account the child's temperament and the influence of dyadic relationship variables. (4) Is the association between marital distress and toddler adjustment mediated by co-parenting processes? 100 couples will participate in laboratory-based family interaction sessions with their child at 12 and 30 months, and be interviewed about their co-parenting relationship. At each time period, independent laboratory assessments will examine (a) each parent-child relationship; (b) the marital relationship; (c) interactions taking place at the level of the whole family group; and (d) child temperament. Toddler self- regulation, internalizing and externalizing behavior will be assessed at 30 months. Regression and MANOVA procedures will examine continuity and change in co-parenting and family-level dynamics form infancy to toddlerhood. Regression analyses will examine whether co-parental conflict, family cohesion, and discrepancies in engagement contribute uniquely to the prediction of toddler adaptation, beyond contributions of temperament and dyadic relationship properties. Latent variable path analysis with partial least squares examination procedures will examine direct (marriage-to-child) versus indirect (marriage-family-child) links.