Time Resolved Probing of Matter Under Extreme Conditions.

该项目将使用强激光在实验室中创造和探测通常只有在天体物理情况下才能发现的极端条件。实验将在各种国家和国际设施进行，如英国的Astra Gemini激光器，将探测当物质受到高温、高密度、强电磁场和强X射线通量时会发生什么。用于探测这些短暂实验(通常只持续几皮秒)的主要探测技术之一是X射线吸收光谱。由激光尾迹场产生的X射线。加速器具有独特的特性组合：它们的持续时间都是飞秒级的，并且具有宽带同步加速器般的光谱。因为它们是由激光脉冲驱动的，所以它们也可以很容易地与利用强烈激光脉冲创造极端条件的实验同步。这使它们成为X射线吸收研究的理想候选者，这些研究可以探索极端条件下物质的快速演化动力学。

This project will use intense lasers to create and probe extreme conditions in the laboratory that are usually only found in astrophysical situations. Experiments, which will take place at various national and international facilities such as the Astra Gemini laser in the UK, will probe what happens to matter when it is subjected to high temperatures, high densities, strong electromagnetic fields and intense X-ray fluxes. One of the main probing techniques that will be used to probe these short-lived experiments (typically lasting just a few picoseconds) is X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The X-rays produced by a laser wakefield. Accelerator have a unique combination of properties: they are both femtosecond in duration and have a broadband synchrotron-like spectrum. Because they are driven by a laser pulse they can also readily be synchronized with experiments that create extreme conditions with an intense laser pulse. This makes them an ideal candidate for X-ray absorption studies which can probe the rapidly evolving dynamics of matter under extreme conditions.