The Role of Attention in Self-Regulation.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目探讨了互动的作用 由情境因素和个体心理过程所起作用， 情绪和行为的自我调节。从暴饮暴食到过度愤怒， 许多不利的身心健康结果的来源都围绕着一个 共同的主题：个人无法控制自己的行为。的 这项研究的目的是解释为什么人们经常失败， 自我调节以及如何成功根据这里提出的分析， 自我调节通常需要大量的精神消耗， 资源当这些资源以某种方式受到限制时，结果是 我们称之为“注意力近视”，在这种情况下， 只关注最显著的内部和外部线索，而忽视了更多的 远端刺激他们随后的行为很可能是在 这些“核心”线索的近乎排他性的动机影响。的这种状态 注意力窄化被预测会导致去抑制行为， 突出的内部或情境线索有助于促进所讨论的行为， 当这些暗示暗示克制时，行为抑制增强。 具体目标包括：1）证明注意力的预测 近视模型在吸烟，愤怒，攻击， 和其他行为，2）解决现象的两种替代解释 3）通过模型解释，阐明了具体的认知过程， 注意力狭窄影响自我调节，4）检查是否 注意力窄化是心理/生理之间的主要中介 疲劳和行为调节不良，以及5）探索 应对重大自律挑战的模式。在一系列实验室中， 在实地研究中，认知负荷操纵与操纵交叉， 人和/或情境因素，以及相关行为进行评估。一个 加强对适应不良的个人和情境来源的理解 自我调节将有助于促进心理健康和福祉 在高危人群中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project explores the interacting role played by situational factors and individual mental processes in the self-regulation of emotions and behavior. From binge eating to excessive anger, many sources of adverse physical and mental health outcomes revolve around a common theme: the inability of individuals to control their own behavior. The goal of this research is to explain why individuals often fail at self-regulation and how they succeed. According to the analysis presented here, self-regulation typically demands a significant expenditure of mental resources. When those resources are limited in some fashion, the result is a state of affairs we term "attentional myopia," in which individuals can focus on only the most salient internal and external cues, to the neglect of more distal stimuli. Their subsequent behavior is then likely to be under the near-exclusive motivational influence of those "central" cues. This state of attentional narrowing is predicted to lead to disinhibited behavior when salient internal or situational cues serve to promote the behavior in question, and enhanced behavioral inhibition when those cues instead suggest restraint. The specific aims include 1) demonstrating the predictions of the attentional myopia model in studies of the self-regulation of smoking, anger, aggression, and other behaviors, 2) addressing two alternative explanations for phenomena explained by the model, 3) clarifying the specific cognitive processes through which attentional narrowing affects self-regulation, 4) examining whether attentional narrowing serves as the primary mediator between mental/physical fatigue and poor behavioral regulation , and 5) exploring the implications of the model for significant self-regulatory challenges. In a series of laboratory and field studies, cognitive load manipulations are crossed with manipulations of person and/or situational factors, and relevant behaviors are assessed. An enhanced understanding of the personal and situational sources of maladaptive selfregulation will contribute to the promotion of mental health and well-being among at-risk individuals.