The physics and biology of proton beam therapy

越来越多的证据表明，质子，根据其能量和相对于布拉格峰的细胞辐射位置，与X射线相比，会引起不同范围的DNA损伤。也有证据表明，与X射线诱导的DNA损伤相比，这种质子诱导的DNA损伤可以导致替代的细胞DNA损伤反应，由不同的DNA损伤信号传导和修复途径介导。分子和细胞生物学的研究和技术将结合MC模拟的束细胞相互作用的能量范围（高达60兆电子伏），以提高我们的质子束治疗的放射生物学的理解。这将包括治疗光束的建模和表征，并在Clatterbridge癌症中心进行6-12个月的实习，以熟悉实验挑战和基准测试数据。这项工作的结果将形成基础增强治疗计划模型。

There is increasing evidence that protons, depending on their energy and the position of cell radiation relative to the Bragg peak, induce a different range of DNA damage compared to x-rays. There is also evidence suggesting that this variety of proton-induced DNA damage can lead to an alternative cellular DNA damage response compared to that caused by x-ray-induced DNA damage, mediated by different DNA damage signalling and repair pathways. Molecular and cellular biological studies and techniques will be combined with MC simulation of beam-cell interaction over a range of energies (up to 60 MeV) to improve our understanding of the radiobiology of proton beam therapy. This will include modelling and characterisation of the treatment beam and be supported by 6-12 month placements at Clatterbridge Cancer Centre for familiarisation with experimental challenges and data taking for benchmarking purposes. The result of this work will then form the basis enhanced treatment planning models.