DIETARY SALT INTAKE AND THE METABOLIC EFFECTS OF INSULIN

描述(取自应用程序) 胰岛素的血流动力学和代谢作用使其成为治疗 促进摄取的营养物质的输送和储存。受损的组织血液 Flow可通过胰岛素(胰岛素抵抗)减少葡萄糖摄取， 代偿性高胰岛素血症与糖尿病的发病机制有关 高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化。胰岛素抵抗与 激活肾素-血管紧张素和肾上腺素能神经系统 减少血液流动。增加盐摄入量会抑制这两种激素的活性。 系统，并可能改善胰岛素敏感性，但最近对这个问题的研究 是相互矛盾的，因为研究使用不同的技术来评估胰岛素 敏感性，仅限于男性，没有比较不同人群的反应 种族群体。减少盐摄入量的建议对健康很重要 如果盐限制有不利的新陈代谢后果，如 胰岛素敏感度降低。我最近表现出一种明显的负面 血浆肾素活性与胰岛素敏感性的相关性研究 假设高食盐摄入量会增加胰岛素敏感葡萄糖 与低盐摄入量相比，运输更容易。我要测试一下这首单曲 通过检验1)1周的效果，通过三个特定的目标进行假设 低卡路里(20meq钠)与一周高盐摄入量(230meq)相比 高加索人和非洲/美国男性/女性使用正血糖钳夹评估 胰岛素敏感性；2)胰岛素输注对腿部血流量的影响 在不同盐分摄入量下的阻抗体积图，以及3)通过 增加食盐摄入量会提高脂肪酸浓度 由STRATE测量的高盐摄入量的脂解率的增加 同位素氢化甘油与间接量热法联用测量 评估低盐和高盐摄入量下的脂肪酸氧化。该组织的活动 肾素-血管紧张素和(间接)肾上腺素能神经系统 通过测定血浆肾素活性和血/尿进行评估 在每个食盐阶段结束时去甲肾上腺素的浓度。 胰岛素敏感性数据的统计意义将通过以下方式进行评估 配对t检验。如果增加食盐摄入量可以改善胰岛素敏感性 应该促使重新评估推荐较低钠的好处 血压正常人群的摄入量。

DESCRIPTION (taken from the application) The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of insulin make it an ideal hormone to facilitate the delivery and storage of ingested nutrient. Impaired tissue blood flow can reduce glucose uptake by insulin (insulin resistance) and the compensatory hyperinsulinemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic nervous systems which can reduce blood flow. Increasing salt intake suppresses activity of both of these systems and may improve insulin sensitivity, but recent studies of this issue are conflicting since studies used different techniques to evaluate insulin sensitivity, were limited to men, and did not compare responses among diverse ethnic groups. The advice to reduce salt intake has important health consequences if salt restriction has adverse metabolic consequences such as a reduction in insulin sensitivity. I have recently shown a significant negative correlation between plasma renin activity and insulin sensitivity, and I hypothesize that high dietary salt intake increases insulin-sensitive glucose transport when compared to a low salt intake. I will test this single hypothesis through three Specific Aims by examining 1) the effects of 1 week isocaloric Low (20 meq sodium) versus 1 week of a High (230 meq) salt intake in Caucasian and African/American men/women using the euglycemic clamp to assess insulin sensitivity; 2) the effect of insulin infusion on leg blood flow using impedance plethysmography on different salt intakes, and 3) the mechanism by which increased salt intake elevates fatty acid concentration by demonstrating an increase in lipolysis rate on High Salt intake, measured by the stable isotope deuterated glycerol coupled with indirect calorimetry measurements to assess fatty acid oxidation on the Low and High salt intakes. Activity of the renin-angiotensin and (indirectly) the adrenergic nervous systems will be evaluated by determining plasma renin activity and plasma/urinary norepinephrine concentrations at the end of each dietary salt phase. Statistical significance of the insulin sensitivity data will be evaluated by paired t-testing. If increased salt intake improves insulin sensitivity this should prompt a re-evaluation of the benefits of recommending a lower sodium intake in normotensive people.