Non-Sensory factors in children's speech perception

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的总体目标是研究儿童言语感知的非感官影响，特别是刺激重复在歧视任务中的影响。随着对助听器和人工耳蜗效果的评估，对儿童言语感知测试的需求急剧增加。目前的许多测试只评估单词识别，而没有将语音感知能力与词汇区分开来。Change/No-Change程序（Sussman & Carney, 1989）在变化试验（标准和比较不同）和不变试验（标准和比较相同）中，用标准和比较刺激评估言语歧视。反应偏差是对表现的一种非感官影响，通过得分命中和正确拒绝来评估。多重视觉假说（Viemeister & Wakefield, 1991）预测，尽管没有提供新的感官信息，但辨别能力会随着标准和比较刺激数量的增加而增加。与多重外观假说相关的问题仍然存在，包括：表现是否随着刺激呈现的数量不同而变化，以及与过程相关的发展问题。为了解决这些问题，改变/不变程序将在听力正常的成人和儿童中使用，使用三对刺激和不同数量的标准和比较刺激。我们假设，随着“看”刺激的总次数的增加，表现会提高，标准的数量比比较的数量更重要，刺激的呈现次数对儿童比成人参与者更有利，我们将能够评估两个非感官因素，反应偏差和多次看刺激对儿童语言感知的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this project is to investigate non-sensory influences in child speech perception, specifically the impact of stimulus repetition in a discrimination task. The need for speech perception testing in children has increased dramatically with the evaluation of the efficacy of hearing aids and cochlear implants. Many current tests assess word recognition only and fail to separate speech perception ability from vocabulary. The Change/No-Change procedure (Sussman & Carney, 1989) assesses speech discrimination with standard and comparison stimuli during change trials (standard and comparison differ) and no-change trials (standard and comparison are the same). Response bias, a non-sensory influence on performance, is evaluated by scoring hits and correct rejections. The multiple looks hypothesis (Viemeister & Wakefield, 1991) predicts that discrimination performance increases with increases in the number of standard and comparison stimuli, despite the fact that no new sensory information is provided. Questions related to the multiple looks hypothesis remain, including: whether performance varies with different numbers of presentations of stimuli and what developmental issues are relevant to the procedure. To address these issues, the Change/No-Change procedure will be used with normal-hearing adults and children using three pairs of stimuli and various numbers of standard and comparison stimuli. We hypothesize that performance will improve with increased total number of "looks" at the stimuli, the number of standards will be more important than the number of comparisons, the number of presentations of stimuli will be more beneficial to child than adult participants, and that we will be able to assess the impact of two non-sensory factors, response bias and multiple looks at the stimuli, on child speech perception.