Adaptation and resistance: behaviours, conflict and belief in the post-reformation British Isles, c.1550-1700

这个跨学科的1+3案例项目通过探索物质文物和家庭如何在16世纪和17世纪成为记忆、安慰和争论的场所和工具，挑战了关于新教对物质和超自然领域的敌意的长期假设。学生将绘制、分析和解释这一时期考古遗迹中的仪式标志和符号。该项目建立在B·杰克逊和J·欧文与西北历史涂鸦调查小组的C·金之前在小莫顿大厅对这些涂鸦进行的初步调查的基础上，历史学家尚未对其进行分析或背景分析。学生将这些标记记录下来，并将它们与家庭内部的社会实践以及16世纪和17世纪的宗教冲突联系起来。该项目还研究了一系列可移动的国内文物，以重新评估英国改革对忏悔分裂、虔诚、冲突和共存经验的影响(A Walsham，《英国新教中的天主教改革》，2014)。通过考察家庭空间的历史，特别关注家庭中的物质文化，该项目突出了早期现代人用来接受、融入或抵制宗教和政治变革的情感和智力过程(A Walsham，《驯化宗教改革》，2016)。以前对宗教改革后英国家庭仪式行为的研究主要集中在东南部(见赫顿，1995年和2016年)。对西北地区证据的分析是一项重要的干预措施，西北地区一直以亲天主教协会而闻名，一直持续到18世纪。硕士和博士研究增加了背景价值。这项研究还将支持小莫顿音乐厅的公共项目，该项目将在博士项目的最后一年(2021年)专门关注这些仪式。学生的论文将只关注这个网站，将分数与来自柴郡档案局和大英图书馆的莫顿家族通信、遗产记录、账簿和家庭清单结合起来。学生还将通过访问记录、教堂法庭记录和柴郡记录办公室的法律记录来寻找有关当地社区宗教和政治协会的更广泛的背景信息。学生还将检查其他西北历史家庭的遗骸和收藏品，包括Speke Hall、Hall I‘th’Wood、Smithills Hall、Bramall Hall和Ordsall Hall(索尔福德)，西北历史涂鸦调查小组已经对这些地方的仪式标志进行了初步测绘。研究问题1.早期现代家庭的物质文化在形成对不列颠群岛新教改革的回应中扮演了什么角色？2.早期现代家庭(及其内容物)在多大程度上可以被视为宗教和政治变革的同化和争辩的工具？3.采用比较地区的方法，在吸收宗教和政治变革的过程中，可以识别出哪些相似和不同之处？4.历史学家、考古学家、以及物质文化专家将早期现代不列颠群岛宗教改革的书面历史？5.历史学家如何通过参与他们的收藏？成果和传播来最好地支持和指导遗产部门的解释策略该项目将对早期现代社会史做出重大贡献，从新发现的考古证据中获得新的见解，对早期现代宗教和社会史中的一些核心问题产生影响。这些问题包括不列颠群岛新教改革剧变后社会变化的性质和程度，以及家庭应对变化和与情绪困扰作斗争的能力。

This interdisciplinary 1+3 CASE project challenges longstanding assumptions about Protestantism's hostility towards the material and supernatural realms by exploring how physical artefacts and domestic households became sites and vehicles of memory, consolation and contestation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The student will map, analyse and interpret the ritual marks and symbols from archaeological remains from this period. The project is founded on a previous preliminary survey of these at the Little Moreton Hall conducted by B Jackson and J Owen with C King of the North West Historic Graffiti Survey group, not yet analysed or contextualised by historians. The student historicises these marks and links them to social practices within the home and to the religious conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.The project also examines a range of moveable domestic artefacts to reassess the impact of the English reformation upon experiences of confessional divisions, devotion, conflict and coexistence (A Walsham, Catholic Reformation in Protestant Britain, 2014). By examining the history of domestic space, with particular focus upon material culture within the home, the project highlights the emotional and intellectual processes early modern people used to accept, incorporate or resist religious and political change (A Walsham, 'Domesticating the Reformation', 2016). Previous studies of domestic ritual acts in post-Reformation Britain have focused on the South East (see Hutton, 1995 and 2016). The analysis of evidence from the North West region, renowned for its pro-Catholic associations well into the eighteenth century, is an important intervention. The masters and doctoral research adds contextual value. The research will also underpin the public programme at Little Moreton Hall, which will focus exclusively on these rituals in the final year of the PhD project (2021).The student's dissertation will just focus on this site, combining the marks with Moreton family correspondence, estate records, account books and household inventories, from the Cheshire Record Office and the British Library. Wider contextual information on the local communities' religious and political associations is sought through visitation records, church court records, and legal records in Cheshire Record Office.The student will also examine the remains and collections of other North West historic households including Speke Hall, Hall i' th' Wood, Smithills Hall, Bramall Hall, and Ordsall Hall (Salford) where preliminary mapping of the ritual marks has been undertaken by the North West Historic Graffiti Survey group. Research Questions1. What role did the material culture of early modern households play in shaping responses to the Protestant reformation in the British Isles?2. How far can early modern households (and their contents) be considered as vehicles of assimilation and contestation of religious and political change?3. What similarities and differences can be identified in the assimilation of religious and political change by adopting a comparative regional approach?4. What added value does interdisciplinary engagement between historians, archaeologists, and material culture specialists bring to the written history of the religious reformations in the early modern British Isles? 5. How can historians best support and direct the interpretive strategies of the heritage sector by engaging with their collections?Outcomes and DisseminationThe project will make a strong contribution to early modern social history, bringing fresh insights from newly uncovered archaeological evidence to bear upon some of the central questions within early modern religious and social history. These include the nature and extent of social change following the upheavals of the Protestant reformation in the British Isles, and the ability of households to deal with change and combat emotional distress.