Local concerns with the global climate: An exploration of community-led ecological management in response to flooding in Southwest England

该项目研究了萨默塞特级农村社区成员通过社区主导的环境管理来协商每年洪水风险的方式，以及当地生态知识如何提高对环境危害的复原力。这项研究将着眼于当地人民的活动和洪水的水平行动小组（FLAG）的工作。FLAG现在为Parrett河和Tone河的疏浚和维护开展活动，产出将是一部纪录短片，向非学术观众开放研究，并描绘知识生产的物质质量。生态适应的先行行动研究方法（Warren et al 1995; Hinchcliffe et al 1999;磅et al 2003; Widlok 2008; Leal Filho 2011）考虑了当地知识体系在气候变化适应中的作用以及这些体系如何与外部权威机构合作。本项目探讨了萨默塞特洪水是否带来了类似的知识出现，以及分享地方知识是否可以提高后工业化农村社区的洪水复原力和对气候变化的适应能力。卡特里娜飓风后的社会资本研究（Mathbor 2007; Hawkins and Maurer 2010）考察了社区内部和社区之间以及社区与州政府之间的凝聚力。Scheper-Hughes（2005）和亚当斯（2013）指责卡特里娜飓风造成“二级灾害”后，救援工作管理不善，缺乏社会资本。通过社会资本的资源，通过社区网络（Bourdieu 1992：119），该项目将探讨如何洪水管理战略借鉴当地景观的居民，农民和排水工程师的工作知识，以及如何这可能与国家的压力，住房和基础设施的发展和全球气候变化的影响。MethodologyThe研究人员将参加洪水风险社区之间的协商，在萨默塞特和当局负责防洪，看看是否协商适应当地的关注。使用FLAG将有助于了解当地社区支持的减少进一步洪水的战略。口述历史将记录当地对洪水的描述，以与科学和政治话语形成对比。本研究将采取本体论扁平化的观点，其灵感来自于组合理论（Braun 2006; Ong and Collier 2005;步行者et al 2011）和扩展认知网络（Strawberry 1992; Gell 1998; Candea 2010; Ingold 2004）。该项目旨在扩大关于在后工业化农村环境中实践当地生态知识的人类学文献。它将探讨地方知识在适应城市发展和气候变化等更广泛的环境变化对地方的影响方面的作用。我希望提供一种通过当地知识来了解灾害的方法，这将有助于社区领导的组织，如FLAG，以帮助减少vulnerability.Research EhrisHow do people in rural萨默塞特评估他们在当地对景观的理解方面对洪水的脆弱性？如何从城市发展等政治压力或气候变化等全球关切的角度评估脆弱性？在后工业环境中，当地知识的退化是否使社区更容易受到生态危害的影响？地方生态知识的实践和FLAG等社区领导的组织的工作对灾害管理战略有何贡献？这是否能提高灾害复原力和适应气候变化？人种学方法能否帮助社区领导的组织减少灾害脆弱性？人们如何在生态管理战略中表现出当地的关切和实际形式的知识？民族志和电影如何帮助这一点？

This project examines ways that members of rural communities on the Somerset Levels negotiate the risks of annual flooding through community-led environmental management, and how local ecological knowledge might improve resilience to environmental hazards. The study will look at the activities of local people and the work of the Flooding on the Levels Action Group (FLAG). FLAG now campaigns for the dredging and maintenance of the rivers Parrett and Tone.Output will be a short documentary film which will open up the research to a non-academic audience and portray the material qualities of knowledge production. Literature reviewParticipatory action research approaches to ecological adaptation (Warren et al 1995; Hinchcliffe et al 1999; Pound et al 2003; Widlok 2008; Leal Filho 2011) have considered the role of local knowledge systems in climate change adaptation and how these systems work in conjunction with external authorities. This project explores whether the Somerset floods brought out a similar emergence of knowledge and whether sharing local knowledge can improve flood resilience and adaptation to climate change in post-industrial rural communities.Studies of social capital in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina (Mathbor 2007; Hawkins and Maurer 2010) examine cohesion within and between communities, and between communities and state-level authorities. Scheper-Hughes (2005) and Adams (2013) blame lack of social capital for the mismanagement of relief efforts after Katrina causing a 'second order disaster'. By looking at social capital as the resources available through community networks (Bourdieu1992:119), this project will explore ways that flood management strategies draw on a working knowledge of the local landscape practiced by residents, farmers and drainage engineers and how this might conflict with state pressures for housing and infrastructure development and the impacts of the global climate change.MethodologyThe researcher will attend consultations between flood-risk communities in Somerset and authorities responsible for flood defense to see whether the consultations accommodate local concerns. Volunteering with FLAG will enable understanding of the strategies local communities support in reducing further flooding. Oral histories will document local accounts of the floods to contrast with scientific and political discourses. This study will take an ontologically flattened standpoint inspired by assemblage theory (Braun 2006; Ong and Collier 2005; Walker et al 2011) and networks of extended cognition (Strathern 1992; Gell 1998; Candea 2010, Ingold 2004). The project aims to expand the anthropological literature on the practice of local ecological knowledge in a post-industrial rural context. It will explore the role of local knowledge in adapting to the local impacts of wider environmental changes such as urban development and climate change. I hope to offer a way of understanding hazards through local knowledge that would help community-led organizations such as FLAG to help reduce vulnerability.Research QuestionsHow do people in rural Somerset assess their vulnerability to flooding in terms of local understandings of the landscape? How is vulnerability assessed in terms of political pressures such as urban development or global concerns such as climate change?Does the degradation of local knowledge in a post-industrial context make communities more vulnerable to ecological hazards?What does the practice of local ecological knowledge and the work of community-led organizations like FLAG add to hazard-management strategies and can this improve disaster resilience and adaptation to climate change?Can an ethnographic approach assist the work of community-led organizations in reducing disaster vulnerability?How do people demonstrate local concerns and practical forms of knowledge in ecological management strategies? How can ethnography and film assist this?