Examining the Hyper-Correction of High Confidence Errors

描述(由申请人提供)：对一般信息问题的错误回答以更高的置信度认可并给予纠正反馈，发现在随后的突击重测中更有可能得到纠正，而不是以较低的置信度和给予纠正反馈的错误回答。这种“超修正效应”与绝大多数记忆模型的预测相悖。有人提出，高置信度误差的这种超校正背后有两个组成部分。第一个是领域熟悉度，第二个是惊喜。拟议的实验1-3的目的是描绘每个组成部分各自的贡献。在实验1中，重测要么立即进行，要么推迟一周，要么推迟一个月。假设熟悉度在超正效应中的贡献随着重测延迟的增加而保持不变，而惊喜成分的贡献率则下降。因此，如果重新测试被推迟，则超校正效应应该有总体衰减。在实验2中，熟悉和惊讶是在反馈后直接测量的，重测要么是立即进行的，要么是延迟一周进行的。本研究假设，虽然领域熟悉度在即时重测和延迟一周的重测中都能独立预测纠错，但惊讶只能在即时重测中独立预测。在实验3中，使用了新学到的材料。据推测，这些材料将证明较弱的超校正效应，因为只有惊讶而不是熟悉的成分将是影响的基础。实验4是一项与事件相关的功能磁共振研究，其目的是定位这些成分的神经基质。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Erroneous responses to general information questions endorsed with higher confidence and given corrective feedback have been found to be more likely to be corrected at a subsequent surprise retest than are errors committed with less confidence and given corrective feedback. This "hyper-correction effect" runs counter to the predictions of the vast majority of memory models. It is proposed that two components underlie this hyper-correction of high confidence errors. The first is domain familiarity, and the second is surprise. The purpose of proposed Experiments 1-3 is to delineate the respective contributions of each component. In Experiment 1, retest is either is immediate, delayed a week, or delayed a month. It is hypothesized that, while the contribution of familiarity in the hyper-correction effect remains stable with retest delay, the contribution of the surprise component decreases. Thus, there should be an overall attenuation in the hyper-correction effect if retest is delayed. In Experiment 2, familiarity with and surprise are measured directly after feedback, and retest is either immediate or week-delayed. It is hypothesized that, while domain familiarity should be independently predictive of error correction at both immediate and week-delayed retest, surprise should be independently predictive at only immediate retest. In Experiment 3, newly learned materials are employed. It is hypothesized that these materials will evidence a weaker hyper-correction effect, as only the surprise and not the familiarity component will underlie the effect. Experiment 4 is an event-related fMRI study whose purpose is to localize the neural substrates of these components.