The role of sea ice in the Southern Ocean carbon sink using novel biogeochemical sensors

本博士项目有以下几个目标：1。量化南极底水预处理和形成过程中海洋CO2的吸收。确定季节性冰覆盖水域二氧化碳汇的季节和年变化及其驱动因素。博士生将研究海冰动态和海洋二氧化碳吸收之间的相互作用，同时使用生物地球化学传感器数据和常规化学分析。具体来说，作为PICCOLO的一部分，博士生将在威德尔海（Weddell Sea）的破冰船R.V. Polarstern cruise PS117上（2018年12月至2019年2月）部署生物地球化学浮标和碳酸盐化学样品，温度为~58-60°S， 6°W-9°E。博士生将对Polarstern和RaTS样品进行碳酸盐化学分析。学生将根据新的（PS117， PICCOLO， ORCHESTRA）和历史上的船上测量（GLODAPv2， SOCAT），根据博士导师（Dall'Olmo等人，2016）在SOCCOM和其他地方开发的方法，评估pH值、氧气和叶绿素荧光传感器的测量结果。冬季水是夏季混合层下面的冬季混合层残余，将进一步告知冬季过程。几何矢量分析将能够量化PICCOLO和RaTS中影响碳酸盐化学的过程（Legge et al., 2017）。该学生将在东英吉利大学（38个月）、PML（2个月）和海上（2个月）进行研究和培训。科学的、可转移的和先进的研究技能培训将包括安全工作实践、海上研究、新型传感器、化学测量和数据分析。通过成功的医疗和海上生存训练，参加研究巡航将加强个人技能。学生将在学术讨论会、国际会议、同行评议的出版物和博士论文中展示科学发现。研究培训将解决英国在数字技能、计算、统计、实地工作和实验室技能方面的战略技能差距。一流的培训和尖端的研究将装备学生的职业生涯跨越一系列的专业。学生将每周与“本地”导师会面，以及每月与所有导师（虚拟）会面。每年将在东安格利亚大学和BAS举行三次正式进展会议。Dorothee Bakker博士（UEA）是PICCOLO的Co-I，并领导国际表面海洋二氧化碳图谱（SOCAT）合成活动。马丁·约翰逊博士（东英吉利大学）是海洋知识和交流网络（M-KEN）的主任。Giorgio Dall'Olmo博士（PML）是PICCOLO生物地球化学浮标的负责人。休·维纳布尔斯博士（BAS）领导鼠抽样计划。巴斯蒂恩·奎斯特博士（东安格利亚大学）是生物地球化学滑翔机数据的专家。Mario Hoppema博士（AWI）是威德尔海碳酸盐化学专家，GLODAP参考小组成员，PICCOLO项目合作伙伴。监督小组在收集、解释、模拟和展示南大洋和其他地方的海洋生物地球化学数据方面具有专门知识。

This PhD project has these objectives:1. To quantify ocean CO2 uptake during the pre-conditioning and formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. 2. To determine seasonal and year-to-year variation in the CO2 sink and their drivers in seasonally ice covered waters. The PhD student will investigate the interplay between sea ice dynamics and ocean CO2 uptake, while using biogeochemical sensor data and conventional chemical analyses. Specifically the PhD student will deploy biogeochemical floats and sample for carbonate chemistry at ~58-60 degrees S, 6 degrees W-9 degrees E in the Weddell Sea on the ice breaker R.V. Polarstern cruise PS117 (December 2018- February 2019), as part of PICCOLO. The PhD student will carry out carbonate chemistry analyses on the Polarstern and RaTS samples. The student will evaluate the measurements by sensors for pH, oxygen and chlorophyll fluorescence against new (PS117, PICCOLO, ORCHESTRA) and historic shipboard measurements (GLODAPv2, SOCAT), following approaches developed at by the PhD supervisors (Dall'Olmo et al., 2016), in SOCCOM, and elsewhere. Winter Water, a winter mixed layer remnant below the summer mixed layer, will further inform on wintertime processes. Geometric vector analysis will enable quantification of the processes affecting carbonate chemistry in PICCOLO and at RaTS (Legge et al., 2017).The student will carry out research and training at UEA (38 months), PML (2 months) and at sea (2 months). Training in scientific, transferable and advanced research skills will include safe working practice, seagoing research, novel sensors, chemistry measurements and data analysis. Participation in a research cruise, subject to a successful medical and sea survival training, will strengthen personal skills. The student will present the scientific findings in research colloquia, at (inter-)national conferences, in peer-reviewed publications and a PhD thesis. The research training will address strategic UK skills gaps in numerical skills, computing, statistics, fieldwork and laboratory skills. The first-rate training and the cutting-edge research will equip the student for a career across a range of professions. The student will have weekly meetings with the 'local' supervisor(s), as well as monthly (virtual) meetings with all supervisors. Three formal progress meetings per year will be at UEA and BAS. Dr Dorothee Bakker (UEA) is a Co-I on PICCOLO and leads the international Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) synthesis activity. Dr Martin Johnson (UEA) is Director of the Marine Knowledge and Exchange Network (M-KEN). Dr Giorgio Dall'Olmo (PML) is the lead for biogeochemical floats in PICCOLO. Dr Hugh Venables (BAS) leads the RaTS sampling programme. Dr Bastien Queste (UEA) is an expert in biogeochemical glider data. Dr Mario Hoppema (AWI) is an expert on Weddell Sea carbonate chemistry, a member of the GLODAP reference group and is a project partner in PICCOLO. The supervisory team has expertise in the collection, interpretation, modelling and presentation of marine biogeochemical data in the Southern Ocean and elsewhere.