Caloric Restriction and Aging in Humans

描述：(申请人提供)初级老龄化是渐进式的 结构和功能随年龄增长而恶化 不受疾病和生活方式/环境因素的影响。减速 原发衰老导致最大寿命的增加。卡路里限制 (Cr)延缓各种短寿命生物体的初级衰老，如孔雀鱼， 苍蝇、老鼠和老鼠。目前尚不清楚CR是否延缓了人类的初级衰老。 二次衰老是由于疾病的过程而有害的 生活方式/环境因素。防止二次老化的保护措施 不延长最大寿命的死亡率曲线的矩形化 跨度。现有证据表明，CR可防止某些方面的 灵长类动物的次级衰老。与CR相反，运动诱导的卡路里 缺铁不能延缓大鼠的原发衰老，提示补肾活血方的作用 原发衰老是由食物摄入量和新陈代谢减少所介导的 而不是因为能源供应的减少。在这方面，《公约》的具体目标 这项研究的第一阶段是：1)确定实现 延长20%的能量摄入限制或延长20%的能量增加 运动支出，超重，50-60岁的老年女性和男性，并细化 遵守CR和运动规程所需的技术。 将对CR(膳食计划)的两种方法的有效性进行评估 与膳食替代相比)和锻炼(有监督与独立 锻炼计划)；以及2)评估和比较12个月的 CR和运动干预对一些潜在的衰老标志物的影响 身体成分以及冠心病和2型糖尿病的危险因素。在第一阶段， 志愿者将被随机分为五组：2个CR组，2个运动组 各组和1个对照组。每次干预将有16名参与者 对照组20例，不干预。 根据之前的数据，我们预计退学率约为25% 经验。我们的目标是至少有12名女性和12名男性完成一年的 在第一阶段，12名女性和12名男性完成了为期一年的锻炼。 从本研究的前2年第1阶段获得的信息将是 在二期规划设计中使用。应该可以更多地 准确估计第二阶段中每个小组的参与人数 我们在第一阶段的经验。在第二阶段，将有三组健康的， 50-60岁的超重男性和女性：CR，运动和对照。CR和 演习方案的设计将基于我们的经验，以及 其他调查人员，在第一阶段。在第二阶段，CR和 运动干预将持续两年。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Primary aging is the progressive deterioration in structure and function with advancing age that occurs independently of disease and lifestyle/environmental factors. Slowing of primary aging results in an increase in maximal life span. Caloric restriction (CR) slows primary aging in various short-lived organisms, such as guppies, flies, mice and rats. It is not known if CR slows primary aging in humans. Secondary aging is due to disease processes and harmful life-style/environmental factors. Protection against secondary aging results in rectangularization of the mortality curve without an extension of maximal life span. Available evidence suggests that CR protects against some aspects of secondary aging in primates. In contrast to CR, an exercise-induced, caloric deficit does not slow primary aging in rats, suggesting that the effect of CR on primary aging is mediated by decreased intake and metabolism of food rather than by decreased energy availability. In this context, the specific aims of Phase 1 of this study are: 1) To determine the feasibility of achieving prolonged 20% restriction of energy intake or prolonged 20% increase of energy expenditure by exercise, in overweight, 50-60 yr old women and men and refine the techniques needed to achieve adherence to the CR and exercise protocols. The efficaciousness of two approaches will be evaluated for CR (meal plans versus meal replacement) and for exercise (supervised versus independent exercise programs); and 2) To evaluate and compare the effects of 12 mo of the CR and exercise interventions on a number of potential markers of aging, on body composition and on risk factors for CAD and type 2 diabetes. In Phase 1, volunteers will be randomized to one of five groups: 2 CR groups, 2 exercise groups and one control group. There will be 16 participants per intervention group (i.e. 32 CR, 32 exercise) and 20 in the control, no intervention, group. We anticipate a drop out rate of approximately 25% based on previous experience. Our goal is to have at least 12 women and 12 men complete 1 yr of CR, and 12 women and 12 men complete 1 yr of exercise in Phase 1. The information obtained from the first 2 yrs, Phase 1, of this research, will be used in the planning and design of Phase 2. It should be possible to more accurately estimate the number of participants per group in Phase 2 based on our experience in Phase 1. In Phase 2, there will be 3 groups of healthy, overweight men and women aged 50-60 yr: CR, exercise and control. The CR and exercise protocols will be designed on the basis of our experience, and that of the other investigators, in Phase 1. In Phase 2, the duration of the CR and exercise interventions will be two years.