Refining, reducing and replacing non-model amphibian experiments on amphibian infectious diseases.

该项目将（1：改进）建立有效的指标用于福利监测和实施适当的人道终点;（2：减少）探索皮肤组织扩张物用于研究蛙病毒和壶菌真菌的感染动力学和生长速率的效用;和（3：替代）细胞培养物用于研究蛙病毒生长速率和“芯片上的器官”用于研究蛙病毒和壶菌真菌。

This project will (1: refinement) establish valid indicators for use in welfare monitoring and implementation of appropriate humane end points; (2: reduction) explore the utility of skin tissue expants for studying infection dynamics and growth rates of ranaviruses and chytridiomycete fungi, and; (3: replacement) cell cultures for investigating ranavirus growth rates and the development or 'organ on a chip' for studying ranaviruses and chytridiomycete fungi.