Genomic Basis of Vertebrate Diversity

描述(由申请者提供)：本次CEGS将使用一个创新的 解决基因组中两个基本问题的方法组合 生物学：我们的基因是做什么的？我们从哪里来？在……方面的快速发展 基因组学已经为几个生物体提供了几乎完整的序列。 比较分析表明，许多基本途径和基因网络是 在有机体之间保守的。然而，形态、行为、生理和 不同物种对疾病的易感性明显而深刻地 不一样。基因产生新功能的机制是什么，新的 生理特征，以及不同物种的独特形式和功能？ 生命形式的多样性是由基因数量的变化所创造的吗？ 特定蛋白质功能属性的改变，或通过 控制何时何地基因的调控机制的多样化 都被表达出来了？这个cegs提出了对脊椎动物多样性的开创性分析。 使用来自结构和功能基因组学和 斑马鱼和刺鱼的传统遗传学。独一无二的实验 这两种模式的优势将使采取互补成为可能 接近了。“自下而上”的方法将考验中国的多元化 复制基因对的表达和遗传功能，这是一个主要的标志 脊椎动物的基因组。将使用原位杂交分析来比较 2500个基因的表达模式。吗啡基因敲除实验将 测试复制基因的功能如何分化，并生成一个数据库 测序项目中确定的许多基因的基因功能。这个 互补性的“自上而下”的方法将从自然发生的物种开始 这些刺鱼在大小、解剖和 生理特征。遗传杂交将被用来识别数量和 产生解剖学和生理学变化的基因变化的位置 来自不同地区的新近进化物种之间的差异 世界。刺鱼遗传和物理作图资源的开发 将使识别真正的基因和突变成为可能 进行进化变革。即时数据发布，免费获取试剂，以及 一年一度的鱼类基因组和遗传学夏季培训课程将确保 本研究的创新方法和成果具有广泛的应用前景。 向研究界传播。这种独特的方法组合 将建立对基因组的全新而详细的理解 引起形态和生理差异的机制 有生命的形式。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This CEGS will use an innovative combination of approaches to address two fundamental questions in genome biology: What do our genes do, and where did we come from? Rapid progress in genomics has provided nearly complete sequences for several organisms. Comparative analysis suggests many fundamental pathways and gene networks are conserved between organisms. And yet, the morphology, behavior, physiology, and disease susceptibility of different species are obviously and profoundly different. What are the mechanisms that generate new functions for genes, new physiological traits, and the unique form and functions of different species? Has the great variety of life forms been created by changes in gene number, by alterations in the functional attributes of particular proteins, or by diversification of the regulatory mechanisms that control where and when genes are expressed? This CEGS proposes a pioneering analysis of vertebrate diversity using a combination of techniques from structural and functional genomic and traditional genetics in zebrafish and sticklebacks. The unique experimental advantages of these two models will make it possible to take complementary approaches. The "bottom-up" approach will test the diversification in expression and genetic function of duplicated gene pairs, a major hallmark of the vertebrate genome. In situ hybridization analysis will be used to compare the expression patterns of 2500 genes. Morpholino knockout experiments will test how the functions of duplicated genes diverge, and generate a database of gene functions for many genes identified in sequencing projects. The complementary "top-down" approach will begin with naturally occurring species of sticklebacks that show profound differences in size, anatomy, and physiological traits. Genetic crosses will be used to identify the number and location of genetic changes that create the anatomical and physiological differences between recently evolved species from different regions around the world. Development of genetic and physical mapping resources for sticklebacks will make it possible to identify the actual genes and mutations responsible for evolutionary change. Immediate data release, free access to reagents, and an annual summer training course in fish genomic and genetics will ensure that the innovative approaches and results from this research will be widely disseminated to the research community. This unique combination of approaches will establish a completely new and detailed understanding of the genomic mechanisms responsible for morphological and physiological differences between living forms.