GEOGRAPHY OF AVAILABILITY AND ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

描述：社区领袖和州立法者在地方和州的努力 在没有明确规定的情况下，制定酒精政策已经开始 对酒精供应产生的机制的理解 有问题的结果。为了理解这些机制，我们必须 考虑不同饮酒者饮酒的不同方式 具有不同相关风险的地点以及这些地点 个人的使用模式体现在社区环境中。因此， 饮酒地点在空间和时间上的物理安排， 社区中的酒吧和餐馆，以及饮酒者消费的家 酒精，所有这些都有助于确定与酒精相关的地理模式 有问题。值得注意的是，这些问题的地理分布(例如， 酒后驾车)对饮酒者和非饮酒者的影响都是一样的。因此， 饮酒模式的地理和饮酒问题的地理成为 社区政策制定者广泛关注的公共卫生问题。 为了将饮酒模式、饮酒活动和 饮酒问题的地点必须研究饮酒的地理位置 各就各位。在地理学分析中应用最新的方法学进展 数据，目前的研究将检查可用性之间的地理联系， 社区环境中的使用和问题。拟议的三年项目将 检验一系列关于地理位置之间关系的假设 可获得性和少量饮酒问题；与酒精有关的撞车事故， 行人受伤，青少年饮酒。拟议的研究将： (1)测试可用性、使用和使用之间的预期地理关系 社区层面的问题；(2)审查 城市一级的可获得性和饮酒问题；以及(3)发展和 应用该技术估计当地的发病率和患病率 与酒精有关的问题。 该项目的短期目标是测试一些预期的 可用性、使用和问题之间的地理关系，以及进一步 发展地统计学方法在基于社区的分析中的应用 地理数据。该项目的长期目标是阐明 可用性-使用有问题的链接，使用地理数据并开发地理 以预防性保健服务为目标的系统，无论这些 服务的特点是执行、教育或控制 可用性的问题。

DESCRIPTION: Local and state efforts by community leaders and state lawmakers to formulate alcohol policy have proceeded in the absence of a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol availability produces problematic outcomes. In order to understand these mechanisms, one must consider the ways in which individual drinkers consume alcohol in different locations with different associated risks and the ways in which these individual patterns of use are manifested in community settings. Thus, the physical arrangement of drinking locations in space and time, the location of bars and restaurants in a community, and the homes in which drinkers consume alcohol, all help determine the geographic patterning of alcohol-related problems. Significantly, the geographic distribution of these problems (e.g., drinking and driving) affects drinkers and nondrinkers alike. Thus, the geography of drinking patterns and the geography of drinking problems become public health concerns of broad interest to community policy makers. In order to make the link between drinking patterns, drinking activities and locations of drinking problems one must study the geography of drinking places. Applying recent methodological advances in the analysis of geographic data, the current research will examine geographic links between availability, use and problems in community contexts. The proposed three year project will test a series of hypotheses regarding the relationships between the geography of availability and a small set of drinking problems; alcohol-related crashes, pedestrian injuries, and youth access to alcohol. The proposed research will: (1) test for expected geographic relationships between availability, use, and problems at the community level; (2) examine the relationships between availability and drinking problems at the city level; and (3) develop and apply the technology for estimating local incidence and prevalence rates for alcohol-related problems. The short term goals of the project are to test some of the expected geographic relationships between availability, use and problems and further develop applications of geostatistical methods to the analysis of communitybased geographic data. The long term goals of the project are to elucidate availability-use problem links using geographic data and to develop geographic systems for the targeting of preventive health services, whether these services be characterized in terms of enforcement, education or controls over the of availability.