PERSONALITY TRAITS/STATES THAT DETERMINE WOUND HEALING RATES

压力可以通过引起免疫抑制激素的释放来抑制对早期伤口愈合至关重要的炎症反应。因此，压力可能是伤口愈合率个体差异的重要决定因素。衰老还与伤口愈合所需的组织反应降低有关，例如，降低代谢、炎性细胞浸润和成纤维细胞功能。事实上，初步研究表明，在慢性压力下，老年人照顾阿尔茨海默病患者的实验性皮肤伤口愈合速度慢25%。考试的压力，延迟愈合的口腔伤口40%相比，非压力条件。在这两项研究中，应激组的白细胞中关键的促炎反应IL-1 β显著降低。假设：衰老和心理痛苦使神经内分泌途径，特别是糖皮质激素，失调，其抑制对早期伤口愈合至关重要的炎症反应。如何感知压力源以及个体对感知压力源的反应差异与压力源的客观特征一样重要。因此，分析压力源以及影响事件评估的人格属性作为压力源和心理社会因素，例如，社会支持，增加/缓冲压力源感知后果是必不可少的。此外，外周血反应将反映伤口愈合期间改变的组织反应，并作为伤口愈合期间炎性细胞功能的应激下调的重要生物标志物。将使用快速愈合、无瘢痕的标准化口腔伤口愈合模型来评估应力和老化对伤口愈合的影响。

Stress can inhibit inflammatory responses critical to early wound healing by causing the release of hormones that are immunosuppressive. Thus, stress may be an important determinant in individual variance in wound healing rates. Aging has also been associated with decreased tissue responses required for wound healing, e.g., decreased metabolism, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast function. Indeed, preliminary studies suggest that experimental skin wounds heal 25% slower in chronically stressed, older adults caring for Alzheimer's disease patients. The stress of taking examinations, delayed healing of oral wounds 40% as compared to non-stress conditions. In both of these studies, a key pro- inflammatory response, IL-1beta, was significantly reduced in leukocytes in stressed groups. Hypotheses: aging and psychological distress dysregulate neuroendocrine pathways, particularly glucocorticoids, that inhibit inflammatory responses critical to early wound healing. How stressors are perceived and individual differences in responsiveness to a perceived stressor can be as important as objective features of the stressor. Thus, analyses of the stressors as well as personality attributes that affect the appraisal of events as stressors and psychosocial factors, e.g., social support, that augment/buffer the perceived consequences of the stressor is essential. Furthermore, peripheral blood responses will reflect altered tissue responses during wound healing and serve as important biologic markers for stress down regulation of inflammatory cell function during wound healing. A rapidly, healing, non-scarring standardized oral wound healing model will be used to assess the affects of stress and aging in wound healing.