Examining the Hyper-Correction of High Confidence Errors

描述（由申请人提供）：发现对一般信息问题的错误回答（以较高的置信度认可并给予纠正反馈）在随后的突击复检中比以较低的置信度犯下的错误更有可能得到纠正并给予纠正反馈。这种“超校正效应”与绝大多数记忆模型的预测背道而驰。有人提出，两个组件的基础上，这种超校正的高置信度的错误。第一个是熟悉领域，第二个是惊喜。所提出的实验1-3的目的是描述每个组分的各自贡献。在实验1中，重新测试是立即的，延迟一周或延迟一个月。据推测，虽然熟悉的超校正效应的贡献保持稳定与重测延迟，惊喜成分的贡献减少。因此，如果延迟重新测试，那么过度矫正效应应该有一个整体衰减。在实验2中，熟悉和惊喜后直接测量反馈，并重新测试是立即或延迟一周。据推测，虽然域熟悉度应该是独立的预测错误纠正在立即和一周延迟重测，惊喜应该是独立的预测，只有立即重测。实验3采用新学的材料。据推测，这些材料将证明一个较弱的超校正效应，因为只有惊喜，而不是熟悉的组成部分将成为该效应的基础。实验4是一个事件相关的功能磁共振成像研究，其目的是定位这些组件的神经基板。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Erroneous responses to general information questions endorsed with higher confidence and given corrective feedback have been found to be more likely to be corrected at a subsequent surprise retest than are errors committed with less confidence and given corrective feedback. This "hyper-correction effect" runs counter to the predictions of the vast majority of memory models. It is proposed that two components underlie this hyper-correction of high confidence errors. The first is domain familiarity, and the second is surprise. The purpose of proposed Experiments 1-3 is to delineate the respective contributions of each component. In Experiment 1, retest is either is immediate, delayed a week, or delayed a month. It is hypothesized that, while the contribution of familiarity in the hyper-correction effect remains stable with retest delay, the contribution of the surprise component decreases. Thus, there should be an overall attenuation in the hyper-correction effect if retest is delayed. In Experiment 2, familiarity with and surprise are measured directly after feedback, and retest is either immediate or week-delayed. It is hypothesized that, while domain familiarity should be independently predictive of error correction at both immediate and week-delayed retest, surprise should be independently predictive at only immediate retest. In Experiment 3, newly learned materials are employed. It is hypothesized that these materials will evidence a weaker hyper-correction effect, as only the surprise and not the familiarity component will underlie the effect. Experiment 4 is an event-related fMRI study whose purpose is to localize the neural substrates of these components.