SHORT-TERM TRAINING FOR MINORITY STUDENTS

描述（由申请人提供）：美国儿科学会/儿科研究学会的夏季研究计划于1991年成立，其目标是招募和培训高素质的医学生，以从事儿科临床科学家的职业。该计划是专为学生寻求在他们参加的医学院以外的机构的研究机会。学生们在一位经验丰富的科学家的监督下，在一个参与实验室（目前有559个）进行与儿科有关的研究，为期8至10周。申请是从美国和加拿大所有医学院的学生中征集的，代表性不足的少数民族学生被专门招募并鼓励申请。申请由六名成员组成的指导委员会进行评估，最终排名，排名靠前的学生与他们各自的导师和实验室相匹配，正如他们在申请中所指出的那样。学生每月支付1,513美元，以帮助支付费用。到目前为止，该计划已收到1359份申请，453名学生参加或计划参加今年（2002年）夏天。在1994年之前，申请人没有被要求进行种族群体自我认同，但后来有98名参与的学生自我认同为代表性不足的少数民族（非洲裔美国人，西班牙裔或太平洋岛民）。此外，女性申请人与男性申请人和参与者的比例为1.5比1。通过问卷调查，学生和研究导师绝大多数报告说，该计划提供的独特机会是非常积极的。项目成功的客观衡量标准在短期内更难获得学生参与的典型时期，在他/她医学院的第一和第二年之间的夏天，与建立独立的研究生涯分开9年或更长时间。培训补助金机制的目的是不包括项目效果的客观评价，但是，PubMed检索引文的系统搜索显示，363名学生参加该计划从1991年至2000年发表了330篇论文，而254篇论文被确定为归因于819名非参与申请人。值得注意的是，参加该项目的非洲裔美国学生发表至少一篇PubMed可检索论文的可能性是未参加该项目的非洲裔美国学生的四倍。在医学教育取得进展足以选择住院医师的学生中，该计划的参与者选择儿科住院医师的比例远远超过全国平均水平11%的两倍。此外，已经完成儿科住院医师的参与者学生以远高于全国平均水平22%的速度（36%）进入儿科专科培训计划。因此，数据表明，该方案大大有助于招募和培训未来的儿科临床科学家，特别是在以前代表性不足的族裔群体和妇女中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Summer Research Program of the American Pediatric Society/Society for Pediatric Research was instituted in 1991, with the goal of recruiting and training highly qualified medical students for careers as pediatric clinician scientists. The Program is designed specifically for students seeking a research opportunity at an institution other than the medical school they attend. Students spend 8 to 10 weeks working under the supervision of an experienced scientist in one of the participating laboratories (559 at the present time) conducting research related to pediatrics. Applications are solicited from students at all medical schools in the US and Canada, and underrepresented minority students are recruited specifically and encouraged to apply. Applications are evaluated by a six-member Steering Committee, a final ranking is prepared, and the top-ranked students are matched with their respective mentors and laboratories, as they indicate on their applications. The students are paid $1,513 per month to help cover expenses. To date, the program has received 1359 applications, and 453 students have participated or are scheduled to participate this (2002) summer. Ethnic group self-identification was not requested of applicants prior to 1994, but 98 subsequent participating students self-identified as underrepresented minorities (African-American, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander). In addition, female applicants outnumber male applicants and participants at ratios of 1.5 to 1. By questionnaire, students and research mentors overwhelmingly report that the unique opportunities provided by this Program are strongly positive. Objective measures of Program success are more difficult to acquire in the short term The typical period of participation by the student, in the summer between his/her first and second years of medical school, is separated from the establishment of an independent research career by nine years or more. The training grant mechanism is not designed to include objective evaluations of program effects; however, a systematic search of PubMed-retrievable citations showed that 363 students participating in the Program from 1991-2000 published 330 papers, whereas 254 papers were identified as attributable to 819 non-participant applicants. Notably, African-American students who participated in the Program were four times as likely to have published at least one PubMed-retrievable paper as were African-American applicants who did not participate. Of the students who have progressed in their medical educations far enough to select residencies, participants in the Program have chosen Pediatric Residencies at well over twice the national average of 11%. Further, participant students who have completed Pediatric residencies have entered Pediatric subspecialty training programs at a rate (36%) well above the national average of 22%. The data thus indicate that the Program is contributing significantly to the recruitment and training of future pediatric clinician-scientists, particularly among previously underrepresented ethnic groups and women.