HIV in Young Adulthood: Pathways and Prevention

描述(由申请者提供)：这项研究将以下两个关键领域联系起来 预防青少年艾滋病毒感染的重要性：危险的性行为 和物质使用，纳入了基础和应用两方面的观点 科学。这两种方法之间的积极协作很少见，尽管 两人都认为青少年的问题行为高度相关； 它们具有共同的风险和保护因素；而且它们可以 由于一般针对这些因素的预防努力而减少。不过， 大多数艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防方案的长期有效性并不理想 既没有共同病因的确凿证据，也没有确凿的证据证明 危险性行为和物质潜在的共同问题行为 虐待。未能从理论上和研究基础上推导出 预防方案是由于理论模型的复杂性， 解决这些行为领域以及经验数据的局限性 以前可用。前两波全国范围内的数据 青少年健康纵向研究(Add Health)现已面世， 提供以下具有全国代表性的大型样本的纵向数据 青少年；少数群体和未得到充分服务的青少年样本过多；以及 个人、家庭、同伴、学校和社区的多方面措施 级别。在即将到来的第111波中，艾滋病毒和艾滋病的生物测试结果 其他性传播感染也将可用。建议数 这项研究是具有青少年专业知识的基础科学家之间的合作 性行为和预防科学家在应用评估方面具有专业知识 青少年药物滥用预防方案。一个主要的目标是理解 吸毒模式和危险性行为的根本原因和后果 确定的青少年群体的行为，以便预防性干预 可以制定战略，并适当地确定目标。具体的研究目标 是：1)描述性和毒品的横截面和纵向模式 使用行为在青春期，这种行为在青年时期的持久性 成年期，以及与这些模式有关的艾滋病毒感染的流行率； 2)确定可以预测模式的个人和背景因素 从青春期到青春期的性行为和吸毒行为；以及 3)制定关于预防艾滋病毒和吸毒的建议 风险行为，这项研究将使用多水平分析，包括 预测每个横断面行为的个人和背景因素 时间点和纵向评估从青春期到青年的行为 成人期。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study links two key areas of importance to the prevention of adolescent HIV infection: risky sexual behavior and substance use, incorporating perspectives from both basic and applied science. Active collaborations between these two approaches are rare, although both share assumptions that adolescent problem behaviors are highly correlated; that they share common risk and protective factors; and that they can be reduced by prevention efforts generically aimed at these factors. Nevertheless, long-term effectiveness for most HIV/AIDS prevention programs has not been well established nor have there been conclusive demonstrations of a common etiology underlying covarying problem behaviors of risky sexual activity and substance abuse. This failure to derive theoretically driven and research-based prevention programs is due to the complex nature of theoretical models that address these behavioral domains and to limitations of empirical data previously available. Data from the first two waves of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) are now available and offer longitudinal data following a large nationally representative sample of adolescents; oversamples of minority and under-served adolescents; and multi-faceted measures at the individual, family, peer, school, and community levels. In the upcoming Wave 111, the results of biological tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections will also be available. The proposed study is a collaboration between basic scientists with expertise in adolescent sexuality and prevention scientists with expertise in evaluation of applied adolescent substance abuse prevention programs. A major goal is to understand underlying causes and consequences of patterns of drug use and risky sexual behavior among identified groups of adolescents so that preventive intervention strategies can be developed and appropriately targeted. Specific study aims are: 1) to describe cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns of sex and drug use behavior in adolescence, the persistence of such behavior in young adulthood, and the prevalence of HIV infection in relation to these patterns; 2) to identify individual and contextual factors that can predict patterns of sexual activity and drug use behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood; and 3) to develop recommendations pertaining to the prevention of HIV and drug use risk behavior, The study will use multilevel analyses that incorporate individual and contextual factors to predict behaviors at each cross-sectional time point and to assess behavior longitudinally from adolescence to young adulthood.