Behavioral Measures of Binocular Vision

描述（来自申请人的摘要）：正常的立体视觉提供视觉上的 关于空间关系的信息， 在许多正常活动和职业中的表现。这种形式的 深度距离信息是不可用的百分之三至百分之四， 有立体视觉缺陷或斜视导致的立体盲的人群 在童年时期。然而，在现实世界的环境中， 而距离则包含了从双目和单目两个角度获得的信息 线索，以及立体缺陷的知觉影响将取决于是否或 没有一个人可以通过增加立体视觉来补偿他/她的立体视觉的减少。 对非立体深度线索的敏感性。 拟议研究的长期目标是获得更好的 理解由一个人引起的立体缺陷的功能意义， 婴儿期双眼视觉不正常的时期。校长 调查将研究两种发展深度的选择， 在没有主要双眼深度线索的情况下的感知：1）具有以下特征的受试者： 立体视觉缺陷可能比立体视觉缺陷更精确地利用单眼深度线索。 具有正常立体视觉的受试者（补偿假设），或2）正常 可能需要立体视觉来学习非立体提示的精确使用 因此，立体缺陷的受试者对单眼的敏感性也较低， （经验）深度信息（校准假设）。 拟议中的实验涉及对猴子的心理物理学调查， 立体视觉降低的人。深度鉴别功能， 双目（立体视觉）和单眼（透视线索和 运动视差）深度线索将确定 单独的提示和提示之间的交互模式。 拟议研究的总体结果应提供以下信息： 对于建立婴儿斜视的治疗方案很重要。如果 儿童可以通过更有效地使用 经验的深度线索，那么早期治疗，以保持立体视觉是不 势在必行另一方面，如果正常的立体视觉是必要的， 发展对所有深度线索的正常敏感性，然后早期治疗 双眼视觉异常的可能性是至关重要的。

DESCRIPTION (From the Applicant's Abstract): Normal stereopsis provides visual information about spatial relationships that is necessary for efficient performance in many normal activities and occupations. This form of depth-distance information is unavailable to the 3 to 4 percent of the population who have deficient stereopsis or are stereoblind from strabismus during childhood. However, in a real-world environment the perception of depth and distance involves information derived from both binocular and monocular cues, and the perceptual impact of stereodeficiencies will depend on whether or not an individual can compensate for his/her reduced stereopsis by an increased sensitivity to non-stereoscopic depth cues. The long-term objective of the proposed research is to gain a better understanding of the functional significance of stereodeficiencies caused by a period of abnormal binocular vision during infancy. The principal investigations will examine two alternatives for the development of depth perception in the absence of the primary binocular depth cue: 1) subjects with deficient stereopsis may utilize monocular depth cues more precisely than subjects with normal stereopsis (compensation hypothesis), or 2) normal stereopsis may be required to learn the precise use of non-stereoscopic cues and, thus, stereodeficient subjects also are less sensitive to monocular (empirical) depth information (Calibration hypothesis). The proposed experiments involve psychophysical investigations of monkeys and humans with reduced stereoacuities. Depth discrimination functions for combinations of binocular (stereopsis) and monocular (perspective cues and motion parallax) depth cues will determine the relative sensitivities of the separate cues and the modes of interaction between cues. The overall results of the proposed studies should provide information that is important for establishing treatment protocols for infantile strabismus. If children can compensate for a loss of stereopsis by more efficient use of empirical depth cues, then early treatment to preserve stereopsis is not imperative. On the other hand, if normal stereopsis is necessary for the development of normal sensitivities to all depth cues, then the early treatment of binocular vision anomalies is paramount.