Life after Insurgency: Reintegration of Colombian Ex-combatants after the 2016 Peace Agreement

解除武装、复员和重返社会框架通常是解除武装、复员和重返社会框架的框架，该框架被广泛视为和平协定和相关和平支助行动的支柱，前战斗人员重返社会已成为各国政府和国际组织在冲突后的一项重大努力。重返社会被简明地定义为前战斗人员获得平民地位和可持续生计的过程，重返社会往往被视为一种外部干预或国家政策。专家们认为，重返社会是解除武装、复员和重返社会方案中问题最严重的阶段，常常因为期望过高和目标不明确而受到批评。由于完全从自上而下的角度处理重返社会问题，并过分侧重于根据外部强加的标准评估方案，从前战斗人员的角度来看，可持续重返社会的意义和内容在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。因此，拟议的研究旨在提供一种微妙的方法来研究重返社会，重点是生活经历而不是方案目的。2016年哥伦比亚政府与哥伦比亚革命武装力量(FARC)之间的和平协议将数千名战斗人员带到平民生活的边缘，他们全面重新融入政治、社会和经济是冲突后稳定和未来和平谈判的关键决定因素。因此，这项研究旨在通过探讨重返社会，而不是作为一种外部干预，而是作为一套嵌入前战斗人员及其社区生活经历的过程，对复员方案的研究作出原创性的贡献。更具体地说，该项目将询问“重新融入社会”对前哥伦比亚革命武装力量游击队意味着什么，以及这一概念如何与其他复杂的冲突后和解进程相联系。为此，这项研究将侧重于当地的历史和政治背景以及前哥伦比亚革命武装力量的叛乱项目、内部关系和组织文化。在方法上，该项目将优先进行生活史调查，以便根据背景了解前战斗人员如何经历身份重建、非军事化和重新社会化等各种叛乱后进程。通过突出前战斗人员的叙述，这项研究还试图探讨人权机构、政治意识形态和社会关系在前哥伦比亚革命武装力量重返社会经历中发挥的作用，并挑战将前战斗人员描述为仅仅是安全风险或被动地接受重返社会福利的传统复员方案论述。对社区成员、前战斗人员亲属和重返社会地区实践者的观察和深入访谈将补充生活史。这项研究将对哥伦比亚复员方案、冲突解决、冲突后暴力、政治过渡和建设和平的现有研究作出原创性贡献。它的目的是为未来的研究提供信息，进一步激发那些通常被排除在主导话语之外的人的声音，对哥伦比亚革命武装力量的重返社会进行更长期的回顾分析，并对哥伦比亚和其他冲突后环境进行比较研究。

Usually framed within the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration framework (DDR), widely regarded as a mainstay of peace agreements and related peace support operations, the reintegration of former combatants has become a major post-conflict endeavour for both national governments and international organisations. Succinctly defined as the process by which former combatants gain civilian status and sustainable livelihoods, reintegration has often been approached as an external intervention or state policy. Reintegration is considered, among experts, as the most problematic phase of DDR and reintegration programmes are often criticised for their overblown expectations and unclear ends. By approaching reintegration exclusively from a top-down perspective and focusing excessively on assessing programmes based on externally imposed criteria, the meaning and content of sustainable reintegration from the standpoint of the ex-combatants have remained largely under-researched. Hence, the proposed research aims to offer a nuanced approach to the study of reintegration, which focuses on lived experiences rather than programmatic ends.The 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) brought thousands of combatants to the cusp of civilian life and their full political, social and economic reintegration is a key determinant of post-conflict stabilisation and future peace negotiations. Thus, this research aims to make an original contribution to the study of DDR by exploring reintegration, not as an external intervention, but rather as a set of processes embedded within the lived experiences of ex-combatants and their communities. More specifically, the project will enquire what 'reintegrating into society' means for the ex-FARC guerrillas and how this notion relates to other complex post-conflict accommodation processes. To this end, this research will focus on the local historical and political context as well as the ex-FARC's insurgent project, internal relations and organisational culture. Methodologically, the project will privilege life history inquiry in order to gain contextualised understandings of how the ex-combatants experience various post-insurgency processes such as identity reconstruction, demilitarisation and re-socialisation. By bringing the narratives of the ex-combatants to the fore, this research also seeks to explore the role that human agency, political ideology, and social relations play in the ex-FARC's reintegration experience and to challenge traditional DDR discourses that portray ex-combatants as either mere security risks or passive recipients of reintegration benefits. Life histories will be complemented by observations and in-depth interviews with community members, ex-combatants' relatives, and practitioners at the reintegration locality where fieldwork will be conducted.This research will make an original contribution to existing studies on Colombia's DDR, conflict resolution, post-conflict violence, political transitions, and peacebuilding. It aims to inform future research that further elicits the voice of those typically excluded from dominant discourses, produces longer-term retrospective analyses of the FARC's reintegration, and conducts comparative studies of Colombia's and other post-conflict settings.