THREE-DIMENSIONAL TACTILE AND VISUAL FORM PERCEPTION

三维形态是一种超越个体感官系统的基本知觉范畴。3D形态的生动感知可以通过触摸、视觉或两者兼而有之。作为3D感知基础的神经表征可以是超通道(独立的或单独的感觉系统)、多通道(基于单独系统中的表示之间的强烈联系)，或者两者的混合。开展3D形态感知研究有两个令人信服的理由。首先，3D形式感知是大脑中感觉整合的范例。第二，3D形状感知是一种基本的认知功能，其神经机制几乎完全未知。四个单独的项目被提出，两个涉及躯体感觉神经生理学，两个涉及视觉神经生理学。同时在手部的构象和来自与指尖的多个接触点的信息的整合上对3D形状进行触觉感知。项目1(Johnson)研究了神经元如何在多个接触点对3D刺激(边、角、曲率)做出反应。项目3(Hsiao)专注于反应如何依赖于手的构象。3D形状的视觉感知是从2D图像中衍生出来的，这个过程依赖于视觉信息与光学和3D世界的隐含知识的整合。项目2(Conner)解决了视觉皮质中的神经元如何表示3D共享的基本元素(3D边、角、表面曲率以及块和柱面等简单体积)。项目4(Von Der Hyedt)集中于双目和单目的整合以及线索冲突。核心项目涉及共享服务、管理和项目协调。

Three-dimensional (3D) form is a fundamental perceptual category that transcends individual sensory systems. A vivid percept of 3D form can be obtained from touch, from vision, or from both. The neural representations that underlie 3D for perception may be supramodal (independent or the individual sensory systems), multimodal (based on strong links between representations in the individual systems, or a mixture of the two. There are two compelling reasons to undertake the study of 3D form perception. The first is that 3D form perception is a paradigm of sensory integration in the brain. The second is that 3D form perception is a fundamental cognitive function whose neural mechanisms are almost completely unknown. Four individual projects are proposed, two involving somatosensory neurophysiology and two involving visual neurophysiology. Tactual perception of 3D form simultaneously on the conformation on the hand and on the integration of information from the multiple points of contact with the fingertips. Project 1 (Johnson) deals with how neurons respond to 3D stimuli (edges, corners, curvature) at multiple points of contact. Project 3 (Hsiao) concentrates on how responses depend on the conformation of the hand. Visual perception of 3D form is derived from 2D images; this process depends on the integration of visual information with implicit knowledge about optics and the 3D world. Project 2 (Conner) addresses how neurons in visual cortex represent the basic elements of 3D share (3D edges, corners, surface curvature, and simple volumes like blocks and cylinders). Project 4 (von der Hyedt) concentrations on the integration of binocular and monocular and cue conflict. The core project concerns shared services, administration, and project coordination.