How can we understand and reduce the differential impact of COVID-19 on minority ethnic and migrant groups?

新冠肺炎疫情突显了英国极度的健康不平等。少数族裔背景的人受到严重疾病和死亡风险过高的影响。移民群体也可能面临更高的风险，并面临获得医疗保健的障碍。需要对从社区环境中收集的数据进行分析，以便更好地了解导致新冠肺炎死亡率不平等的生物、行为和社会经济因素之间的复杂关系，并评估这一流行病对少数族裔和移民社区的不同影响。迫切需要高质量的证据，以便为有利于受大流行影响最严重的社区的政策提供信息，以提高对未来卫生危机的复原力。这篇论文将使用来自病毒观察的数据，这是一项全面的家庭社区队列研究，对所有家庭成员进行了12个月的跟踪调查，详细描述了风险因素、家庭传播、变化的行为和社会经济影响。具体目标包括：1.按种族和移民群体描述社区中新冠肺炎感染的发生率和死亡率。探讨感染和死亡的风险因素，包括移民、职业、代际家庭、过度拥挤、呼吸道和手部卫生、社会距离和接触行为3。评估不同种族和移民群体的感染控制措施和政策决定的不同效果。使用研究结果为未来的大流行准备提出基于证据的建议

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted extreme health inequalities in the UK. People from minority ethnic backgrounds have been impacted by an excess risk of severe disease and death. Migrant groups may also be at increased risk and face barriers to accessing health care. Analyses of data collected from community settings are needed to better understand the complex relationships between the biological, behavioural and socio-economic factors that contribute to inequality in COVID-19 mortality and to assess the differential impact of the pandemic on minority ethnic and migrant communities. High quality evidence is urgently needed in order to inform policies that benefit communities that have been hardest hit by the pandemic to improve resilience to future health crises. This thesis will use data from Virus Watch, a comprehensive household community cohort study, following up all household members over 12 months with detailed characterisation of risk factors, household transmission, changing behaviours and socio-economic impacts. Specific objectives include:1. To describe the incidence of COVID-19 infection and mortality in the community by ethnicity and migration groups2. To explore risk factors of infection and mortality including migration, occupation, intergenerational households, overcrowding, respiratory and hand hygiene, social distancing and contact behaviour3. To evaluate the differential effects of infection control measures and policy decisions by race and migration groups4. To use findings to propose evidence-based recommendations for future pandemic preparedness