Contemporary Italy in the UK and the US

我的项目旨在分析翻译成英语的作品作为英国文学的作用。这些语料库塑造了英语读者对外国文学和外国国家的认知，并影响了文学和文化辩论。翻译与其他形式的写作形成连续性：著名的翻译家和作家被称为特定国家的专家，并具有公共作用。从一个国家翻译出来的东西和它的形象之间有很强的联系，而这正是我的研究想要探索的。我将把重点放在英语和意大利文学的相互关系上，因为这两种语言从一开始就纠缠在一起，直到今天它们仍然相互影响。正如雷诺兹所说，这两种文化之间的翻译不能简单地用韦努蒂的“外国”或“国内”标签来描述，因为很难划清英语和意大利语的界限（2008）。对“英语中的意大利”案例的研究旨在为语言和文化之间的渗透空间提供一个模型，旨在促进一种以交流和互动为重点的新的文学研究方法的发展。与其将语言中介作为一种语言或国家对另一种语言或国家的二元对立来研究，还不如将其重新概念化为一种流体动力学，考虑到语言交互的杂交性（Apter 2013, Walkowitz 2015，但Wellek 1959）。Delogu和Lagioia强调，自21世纪初以来，从“费朗特热”的爆发开始，由于“英国出版市场对欧洲和国际作家的进一步开放”，意大利文学翻译到英语世界的数量“增加了一倍多”（2018年）。然而，正如科米亚蒂、皮佩诺和威尔曼所指出的那样，“尽管几个世纪以来，大量的学术注意力都集中在意大利的形象上，但迄今为止，关于英国世界如何看待今天的意大利的文章却很少”（2018）。从对该领域的首次贡献（La Penna 2008）开始，我的研究将首先通过概述意大利在英国和美国的当前文学形象来解决这一差距。我的研究将首先提供英国和美国市场翻译文学现状的描述（Heilbron 1999），重点关注意大利的形象和意大利语翻译在这些动态中的作用，考虑到意大利畅销书（如Aciman的），报纸辩论（如Parks的），从意大利语翻译的畅销书（如Ferrante的）和重新翻译（例如，但丁的情况）等因素。通过讨论这些例子，我打算分析英语写作中意大利形象与从意大利进入英语的作品之间的连续性。在此基础上，我将分析意大利文学进入英语世界的两位相关调解人的个人作品：Jhumpa Lahiri（美国）和Jamie McKendrick（英国）。他们的例子具有相关性和代表性，因为他们都是著名的作家和翻译家，以及有能力影响批评话语的个人（“les consacants consacr<s:1>”，Casanova 2002）。分析他们的作品将使我能够讨论意大利在不同国家和流派中的接受情况，并将使我能够以更持续和详细的方式解决与他们的翻译实践相关的问题。我研究拉希里和麦肯德里克的重点是：他们的作品和翻译中的意大利语发生了什么变化？我将从文学和文本的角度分析它们，考虑它们的影响并仔细阅读它们，相信这种双重方法，将社会学框架与定性阅读相结合，将使我能够利用这两种方法的优势。最后，我打算采访两位作者。

My project aims at analysing the role of works translated into English as English literature. This corpus shapes the perception English readers have of foreign literatures and countries, and influences the literary and cultural debate. Translations form a continuity with other forms of writing: famous translators and writers are referred to as experts on a specific country, and have a public role. There are strong connections between what is translated from a country and its image, and it is this connection that my research intends to explore.I will focus on the interrelations of English and Italian literatures, as these languages have been entangled since their very beginnings, and they continue to influence one another to this day. As Reynolds argues, the translations between these two cultures cannot simply be described using Venuti's labels of 'foreign' or 'domestic', as it is hard to draw a line to say where the English ends and Italian begins (2008). The study of the 'Italy in English' case is intended to provide a model of permeable space between languages and cultures, and aims at contributing to the development of a new literary research methodology focused on exchange and interactions. Rather than studying language mediations as a binary opposition from one language or country to another, it is necessary to re-conceptualise it as a fluid dynamic, considering the hybridity of language interaction (Apter 2013, Walkowitz 2015, but also Wellek 1959).Delogu and Lagioia highlight that since the start of the twenty-first century, beginning with the explosion of the "Ferrante fever", and thanks to the 'greater openness of the British publishing market towards European and international authors', the number of translations of Italian literature into the English-speaking world 'has more than doubled' (2018). However, as Comiati, Piperno and Willman pointed out, 'whilst a large amount of scholarly attention has been devoted to the image of Italy through the centuries, little has been written so far on how the British world perceives Italy today' (2018). Moving on from first contributions to the field (La Penna 2008), my research will first address this gap by providing an overview of the current literary image of Italy in the UK and the US.My research will first provide a description of the current state of translated literature in the British and American market (Heilbron 1999), with a focus on the image of Italy and the role of Italian translation in these dynamics, taking into account elements such as bestsellers set in Italy (as Aciman's), debates on newspapers (as Parks'), bestselling books translated from Italian (as Ferrante's) and retranslations (for instance, Dante's case). By discussing these examples, I intend to analyse the continuities between the images of Italy in English writing and in relation to writing that has come into English from Italy. Building on this, I will analyse the personal production of two relevant mediators of Italian literature into the English-speaking world: Jhumpa Lahiri (US) and Jamie McKendrick (UK). Their examples are relevant and representative as they both are renowned writers and translators, as well as individuals who have the power to influence critical discourse ("les consacrants consacrés", Casanova 2002). The analysis of their production will allow me to discuss the reception of Italy in different nations and genres, and will let me address questions related to their translation practice in a more sustained and detailed way. My focus in studying Lahiri and McKendrick will be: what happens to Italy in their writings and to Italian in their translations? I will analyse them in a literary and textual perspective, considering their impact and reading them closely, in the belief that this double approach, combining the sociological framework to qualitative reading, will allow me to draw on the strengths of both methods. Finally, I aim to interview both writers.