More compassion, better grades? A Mixed Method study on the effects of Mindfulness onProsocial Behaviour and Academic Performance in 7 to 11 year old

该提案的重点是基于正念的干预措施（MBIs）在英国（UK）的学校中对7至11岁奥尔兹的影响。正念被用于治疗以减少成年人的抑郁和焦虑症状，最近已成为学校流行（Weare，2018），目的是增加幸福感。对儿童和青少年MBIs的研究表明，在心理社会健康和幸福感（Black，2016），认知（Maynard et.例如，2017），disruptive behavior（Klingbeil et.例如，2017），学术成绩（Flook et.例如，2015）和身体健康（巴恩斯等。例如，2004年）。目前可用的大多数干预措施都改编自基于正念的认知疗法（MBCT）或基于正念的压力减轻（MBSR）（Maynard et.例如，2017年）。根据Mindful Initiative（2018），目前在英国学校实施MBIs的三个最大组织是Mindfulness In Schools Project（Mindfulness In Schools Project，2019），The Youth Mindfulness Kids Program（Youthmindfulness，2018）和MindUp（Mindup，2018）。然而，大多数关于MBIs效果的研究并没有专门针对这些项目。正念已被英国翻译研究中心（正念倡议，2018）推荐到英国学校。Weare（2018）的综述总结了系统综述（Burke，2010; Felver，2015; Black，2016）和荟萃分析（Zenner et al，2014; Zoogman et al，2014; Kallapiran et al，2015; Klingbeil et al，2017 a; Klingbeil et al，2017 b; Maynard et.例如，2017年），到目前为止，MBIs。它确定了当前研究的以下薄弱领域：缺乏随机对照试验;开发人员和研究人员之间的重叠;复制很少和短期随访;专门针对年轻人的措施有限，缺乏多信息提供者措施。大多数针对年轻群体的研究都在美国进行，其中大多数涉及青少年。对方案参与者经验的研究也很少，而且仅限于成年人（Malpass et.例如，2012年）。因此，需要进一步的研究，研究一个具体的，完善的MBI儿童（而不是青少年）在英国的影响，并解决研究不足或缺乏的领域。目前的项目旨在满足这两个要求。Aims and ObjectivesTo study the effects of the MBI“Paws.B”，by Mindfulness In Schools Project，for children aged between 7 to 11 years old，in schools within UK.这个项目之所以被选中，是因为它是目前英国这个未被充分研究的年龄组使用最广泛的项目（学校正念项目，2018）。它将集中在两个潜在影响领域：学业成绩和亲社会行为，因为迄今为止还没有广泛研究（Weare，2018）。该项目将由三项研究组成，每项研究都是由RCT研究人员设计的，他们没有参与干预措施的开发。

This proposal focuses on the effects of Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) for 7 to 11 year olds in schools in the United Kingdom (UK). Mindfulness is used therapeutically to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults, and more recently has become popular in schools (Weare, 2018), with the purpose of increasing wellbeing.Research on MBIs for children and adolescents suggests small to medium effects in psycho-social health and wellbeing (Black, 2016), cognition (Maynard et. al., 2017), disruptive behaviour (Klingbeil et. al., 2017), academic grades (Flook et. al., 2015) and physical health (Barnes et. al., 2004). Most interventions currently available have been adapted from Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) or Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) (Maynard et. al., 2017). According to The Mindful Initiative (2018), the three largest organisations currently implementing MBIs in UK schools are Mindfulness In Schools Project (Mindfulness In Schools Project, 2019) The Youth Mindfulness Kids Programme (Youthmindfulness, 2018) and MindUp (Mindup, 2018). However, the majority of the research into the effects of MBIs have not focused on these programs specifically. Mindfulness has been recommended in UK schools by the UK's Centre for Translational Research (Mindfulness Initiative, 2018). A review by Weare (2018) summarised the findings from systematic reviews (Burke, 2010; Felver, 2015; Black, 2016) and meta-analyses (Zenner et al, 2014; Zoogman et al, 2014; Kallapiran et al, 2015; Klingbeil et al, 2017a; Klingbeil et al, 2017b; Maynard et. al., 2017), into MBIs to date. It identified the following areas of weakness in current research: lack of randomised-control-trials (RCTs); overlap between developer and researcher; little replication and short follow-ups; limited measures specifically for young people and a lack of multi-informant measures. Most research with younger groups has been in the United States, with the majority involving adolescents. Research on the experience of programme participants is also scarce, and limited to adults (Malpass et. al., 2012). Further research is therefore required to study the effects of a specific, well-established MBI for children (rather than adolescents) in the UK and address areas where research has been insufficient or lacking to date. The current project aims to fulfil both of these requirements.Aims and ObjectivesTo study the effects of the MBI "Paws.B", by Mindfulness In Schools Project, for children aged between 7 to 11 years old, in schools within the UK. This program has been selected as it is currently the most widely used program for this understudied age group in the UK (Mindfulness In Schools Project, 2018).It will focus on two areas of potential impact: academic grades and prosocial behaviour, as these have not been studied extensively to date (Weare, 2018). The project will consist of three studies, each designed as an RCT researchers who are not involved in the development of the interventions.