Acoustic Detection of Rainfall using Ocean Gliders in the Tropical Indian Ocean

降雨对人们的生计至关重要，是气候系统的重要组成部分。这一点在全球大气的引擎室——东南亚的海洋大陆地区体现得最为明显。但众所周知，在海上测量降雨量是非常困难的，而且我们对天气系统的相互作用以及海洋与大气的相互作用所知甚少。TerraMaris将结合来自爪哇、圣诞岛和热带印度洋的空中、海上和陆地测量数据，以提高我们对这一关键地区降雨的了解。2019年11月至2020年3月，您将参加国际TerraMaris实地活动，部署自动水下航行器，即海洋滑翔机，测量海洋深处的声音。通过这些新颖的测量方法，你可以根据这些过程在海面上产生的噪音来确定降雨量和风速，这些噪音即使在海洋内部也能听到。具体的问题是：在海洋多深的地方你能“听到”雨和风？你怎样把雨声、风声和其他海洋噪音区别开来？这些声学测量结果与其他观测结果相比如何？你还将参加陆地活动，从圣诞岛发射无线电探空仪（气象气球）。在实地考察之前，你将接受滑翔机和无线电探空仪操作方面的培训。您将结合卫星和其他全球数据集分析您的观测结果，以更好地了解驱动海洋大陆天气系统的过程。特别是，你将量化大气对流的每日循环的发展，白天在岛上的云和雨，晚上在近海。你的工作将确定海洋在这个过程中的重要性。

Rainfall is of fundamental importance to people's livelihoods and is a critical part of our climate system. Nowhere is this more true than in the Maritime Continent region of southeast Asia, the engine room of the global atmosphere. But rainfall is notoriously difficult to measure at sea, and we know little about the interplay of weather systems and ocean-atmosphere interactions that occur there. TerraMaris will combine air-, sea- and land-based measurements from Java, Christmas Island, and the tropical Indian Ocean, to improve our understanding of rainfall in this critical region. You will join the international TerraMaris field campaign from November 2019 to March 2020, deploying autonomous underwater vehicles, known as ocean gliders, to measure sound deep in the ocean. From these novel measurements, you will determine rainfall and wind speed from the noise these processes make at the sea surface, but which can be heard even in the ocean's interior. Specific questions are: How deep in the ocean can you 'hear' rain and wind? How do you distinguish the sound of rain and wind from other ocean noise? How do these acoustic measurements compare with other observations? You will also take part in the land campaign, launching radiosondes (weather balloons), from Christmas Island. You will receive training in glider and radiosonde operations before your fieldwork. You will analyse your observations, in combination with satellite and other global data sets, to better understand the processes that drive weather systems over the Maritime Continent. In particular, you will quantify the development of the daily cycle of atmospheric convection, with clouds and rain over the islands during the day and offshore overnight. Your work will pin down the importance of the ocean in this process.