The cultural transmission of Mongol institutional models in late medieval and early modern Moscow

在我提出的研究中，我打算描述从齐普恰克汗国（“金帐汗国”）衍生的制度模式如何影响从瓦西里一世（1389-1425）到瓦西里三世（1505-33）统治时期的莫斯科统治者的治理模式。从Allsen的“文化传播”框架开始——在这个框架中，蒙古人是积极的交流者——我将调查现存的世俗和寺院宪章的范围，特别是从14世纪晚期开始，以探索大公在多大程度上侵占了可汗的行政结构。我的工作将包括三个方面的探索。首先，我将利用宪章证据来追溯莫斯科的制度演变，首先关注奥斯特洛夫斯基对“双重”军民行政体系的评估，以及与大多数人持有的伊克塔兰的共同属性；随后，我还将通过塔姆加的演变来探讨财政传导，以及奇普查克对司法实践的影响程度。其次，我将把这些行政发展与莫斯科的意识形态潮流结合起来，以评估蒙古模式在多大程度上以不同的意识形态方式被采用。第三，我将把莫斯科进程置于欧亚大陆西部更广泛的游牧和定居社会的相互作用中：我特别感兴趣的是将莫斯科与马穆鲁克苏丹国进行比较，作为文化传播的领域，最初不如伊尔汗或元朝明显。

In my proposed research, I intend to delineate how institutional models derived from the Qipchaq Khanate ('GoldenHorde') influenced Muscovite rulers' modes of governance, from the reigns of Vasilii I (1389-1425) to Vasilii III (1505-33).Starting from Allsen's framework of 'cultural transmission' - in which the Mongols figure as active agents of exchange - Iwill investigate the range of extant secular and monastic charters, dating in particular from the late fourteenth centuryonwards, to explore how far the grand princes appropriated the khans' administrative structures. My work will comprisethree strands of enquiry. First, I will utilise the charter evidence to trace Muscovite institutional evolution, focussinginitially on Ostrowski's assessment of the 'dual' civilian-military administrative system, and the shared attributes of iqtalandholding with pomest'e; subsequently, I will also explore fiscal transmission, through the evolution of the tamga, andthe extent of Qipchaq influence on judicial practice. Second, I will integrate these administrative developments withMuscovite ideological currents, to evaluate how far Mongol models were employed in ideologically distinct ways. Third, Iwill situate Muscovite processes within the wider interplay of nomadic and sedentary societies in western Eurasia: I amespecially interested in comparing Moscow with the Mamluk Sultanate, as spheres of cultural transmission less initiallyobvious than the Ilkhans or Yuan China.