Making marks, changing values: The contemporary significance of graffiti at historic sites (AHRC/ English Heritage CDA in Archaeology)

该项目旨在进一步探索和研究英国遗产遗址的历史涂鸦例子，特别关注英格兰北部，目的是创建整个地区的涂鸦目录。这个项目和随后的研究将变得越来越重要，是一个及时的干预，因为涂鸦的例子越来越受到重视，并被证明具有很高的社会历史重要性，揭示了以前可能被历史叙述所隐藏的历史和故事。通过对英国遗产组合中涂鸦案例的研究，该项目旨在对各个时期的涂鸦进行分类和类型学。虽然这个项目的目的是集中在整个英格兰北部的网站，希望这项研究将有助于更好地了解国家的情况，并开发资产和方法，可用于通过创建一个可转移的研究框架，为其他网站的解释提供信息。近年来，研究越来越侧重于帮助负责历史建筑保护的人使用评估方法来确定历史涂鸦是否值得保护。通过研究历史涂鸦的具体例子，该项目旨在加深对涂鸦的历史和当代意义的理解，这反过来有助于为该地区乃至更远的地方的保护实践提供信息。该项目旨在解决与历史涂鸦和标记制作实例相关的价值问题，从而希望有助于为历史涂鸦的保护、复原和记录提供指导。保护重要的历史涂鸦是关键，正如英国遗产网站上所写的那样：“甚至我们的呼吸都会对涂鸦产生影响，在几分钟内，一群人在一个小屋里呼吸温暖潮湿的空气，就能显著改变整个环境。”伸出一只手来保持身体稳定，可以把洗石灰的碎片弄掉。如果一个肩包磨损了墙壁，它可能会导致一系列的损失。（英国文化遗产）这就提出了保护历史涂鸦的问题：哪些是最值得保护的，最好的方法是什么？如何向公众展示和揭示这些重要的历史标志，并鼓励游客参与，同时又不会对它们造成进一步的破坏？例如，里士满牢房街区项目着眼于如何以可控的方式增加公众访问，同时寻找解决保护挑战和保护涂鸦本身的方法。公众与历史涂鸦的互动可能会引发有关保护和保存的进一步问题，例如如何在保护历史涂鸦的同时鼓励游客不要留下更多的涂鸦？你如何将这些信息传达给游客和公众？凯尔本城堡是位于艾尔郡的一座13世纪的城堡，2007年，巴西街头艺术家在该城堡的所有者格拉斯哥伯爵的许可下，将其覆盖在一幅涂鸦壁画上。它后来被作家和设计师Tristan Manco誉为世界十大街头艺术之一，但也对原始城堡的墙壁造成了破坏，因此，人们提出了一个问题：历史涂鸦的例子是否可以接受，而不是现代涂鸦，如果可以，为什么？（BBC, 2012）历史涂鸦可以提供过去生活的信息，同时也可以提供特定空间在过去的使用和价值的信息。该项目提出了“非官方和未经批准的涂鸦行为，以及通过‘标记’占用建筑的一小部分，这是人类的一面。”涂鸦有可能揭示新的故事，这可能是通过更传统和传统的方法无法揭示的。

This project aims to further explore and research examples of historic graffiti across English Heritage sites, with a particular focus on the north of England, with the aim of creating a catalogue of graffiti across the region. This project and subsequent research will become increasingly crucial and is a timely intervention, as examples of graffiti have been increasingly valued and shown to be of high socio-historic importance, revealing histories and stories that may have previously been hidden from historical narratives. Through the research of graffiti examples across the English Heritage portfolio, this project aims to create a classification and typology of graffiti from sites of all periods. Although this project aims to focus on sites across the north of England, it is hoped that this research will help to better understand the national picture and develop assets and methodologies that can be used to inform interpretation across other sites through the creation of a transferable research framework. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on assisting those responsible for historic building conservation with evaluation methods for determining whether historic graffiti is worthy of protection. By researching specific examples of historic graffiti, the project aims to work towards creating a greater understanding of the historic and contemporary significance of graffiti, which could in turn help to inform conservation practice across the region and further afield. The project aims to address questions of value in relation to examples of historic graffiti and mark making, which then hopes to help inform guidance around protection, resilience and the recording of examples of historic graffiti. The protection of important examples of historic graffiti is key, as written on the English Heritage website: 'Even our breath can impact on graffiti, within a few minutes, a group of people within a single cell breathing warm, moist air into the space can significantly change the overall environment. A hand put on to steady yourself can dislodge lime-wash flakes. If a shoulder bag scuffs the wall, it can lead a line of loss in its wake.' (English Heritage)This raises questions on the preservation of examples of historic graffiti: which examples are the most worthy of conservation efforts and what are the best methods to do this? How can you then show and reveal these important marks of history to the public - and encourage visitor participation - without causing further damage to them? The Richmond Cell Block Project, for example, has looked at how to increase public access in a controlled manner whilst also looking for ways to solve conservation challenges and protect the graffiti itself.Public interaction with historic graffiti can lead to further questions around conservation and preservation, such as how can you preserve historic graffiti whilst encouraging visitors to not leave more graffiti? How do you communicate these messages to visitors and the general public? Kelburn Castle, a 13th Century Castle in Ayrshire, was covered in a graffiti mural by Brazilian street artists in 2007 with permission from the site's owner, the Earl of Glasgow. It was later lauded as one of the world's top ten examples of street art by author and designer Tristan Manco but also caused damage to the original castle walls, thus, asking the question: are examples of historic graffiti acceptable but not modern graffiti and, if so, why? (BBC, 2012)Historic graffiti can provide information on past lives, whilst also providing information on how particular spaces have been used and valued over time. The project proposes that there is 'a human aspect to the unofficial and unsanctioned act of creating graffiti and the appropriation of a small part of a building by 'mark making'. Graffiti has the potential to reveal new stories which may not have been revealed through more traditional and conventional methods.