An Examination and Contextual Expansion of Midgley's Ethical Naturalism

我的博士研究将是玛丽米奇利的伦理自然主义的第一次学术审查，以在所谓的“战时四重奏”的背景下，重新审视她的工作（怀斯曼和Mac Cumhaill，2018年）。伊丽莎白·安斯库姆、艾里斯·默多克、菲利帕·富特和玛丽·米基利是20世纪世纪的主要人物--但他们面临着近60年的学术忽视。直到最近，很少有学术研究米基利的哲学（见基德和麦金内尔，2016）。本研究以达勒姆大学的“插入语”项目为基础，试图通过将米德尔斯堡的自然主义置于这所相互启发的女校中来弥补这一忽视。我的目标是确立本杰明·利普斯科姆的主张，即米基利是“第一个为安斯库姆、富特和默多克推荐但没有发展的那种自然主义伦理提出积极建议的人”（Lipscomb，2016：209）。我将解决战时四重奏的一个核心问题：事实与价值的分离，由A.J艾耶尔煽动。根据这一观点，价值判断在形式上独立于关于人性和人类需要的自然事实（艾耶尔，1936）。这种事实/价值的分离仍然是今天自然主义的一个重大绊脚石（De Caro and麦克阿瑟，2010）。自由主义自然主义者约翰·麦克道尔（John McDowell，1994;2004）认为，人类主体需要重新熟悉自然世界，她已经与自然世界分离。我的目的是提出米德格利扬自然主义作为解决这些孪生的历史和当代问题。我的项目将有三个部分，下面详细介绍。

My doctoral research will be the first scholarly examination of Mary Midgley's ethical naturalism to situate her work within the context of the so-called 'Wartime Quartet' (Wiseman & Mac Cumhaill, 2018). Elizabeth Anscombe, Iris Murdoch, Phillipa Foot and Mary Midgley are major 20th century figures - but they face almost sixty years of scholarly neglect. Until recently, there has been very little scholarly investigation into Midgley's philosophy (see Kidd & McKinnell, 2016). Building on the foundation of Durham University's In Parenthesis project , my research strives to undo this neglect by situating Midgely's naturalism within this mutually enlightening female school. I aim to establish Benjamin Lipscomb's claim that Midgley's was 'the first to present a positive proposal for a naturalistic ethics of the kind recommended but not developed by Anscombe, Foot, and Murdoch' (Lipscomb, 2016:209).I will address a central concern of the Wartime Quartet: the separation between fact and value, instigated by A.J Ayer. According to which, value-judgments are formally independent from natural facts about human nature and human need (Ayer, 1936). This fact/value separation remains a significant stumbling block for naturalisms today (De Caro and Macarthur, 2010). Liberal naturalist John McDowell (1994;2004), argues that the human subject needs to be reacquainted with the natural world, to which she has become divorced. I aim to pose Midgleyan naturalism as a solution to these twin historical and contemporary problems. My project will have three parts, detailed below.